Rihards Zariņš

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Rihards Zariņš (also Richards Zarriņš; June 27, 1869 – April 21, 1939)^[1] was a prominent Latvian graphic artist.

[edit] Life

He was born in Vidzeme and grew up in the region of Litate,^{[citation needed]} and later in Grīva. He pursued his studies in St. Petersburg, where he graduated in 1895 from the Stieglitz Central School for Technical Drawing. He then went on to further studies in Berlin, Munich, Vienna, where he studied lithography, and Paris, where he honed his skills in watercolour and pastels.

He returned to Russia where he was employed by the Russian Imperial Printing Office in St. Petersburg for 20 years, acting as technical director.^[1] From 1905 he was in charge of designing state papers. In 1919, he returned to newly independent Latvia where he was appointed director of the government printing house. He held that position for over 14 years and retired at the beginning of 1934. After a stroke, he lost his ability to speak; however, he continued to draw until the last day of his life.

[edit] Œuvre

The 250-rubles bank note issued by the Russian provisional government in 1917 was designed by Zariņš.^[2]

Zariņš was one of the best-known Latvian graphic artists. His first works appeared in the early 1890s on the pages of the then-popular Latvian-language magazine, Austrums (The East), when he was still a student at the Stieglitz art school. He dedicated a great amount of time in the study of folk ornamentation, and under his leadership, the state publishers produced a monumental work on Latvian decorative arts.

Zariņš was a prolific artist who produced many book illustrations, engravings and lithographs. His oeuvre also contains drawings, water-colour painting, and caricatures. Among his works of applied art are the design of the Latvian coat of arms^[3] as well as several designs for bank notes issued by the Printing Office,^[2] and several coins of the Latvian lats.