Richard E. Fleming

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Richard Eugen Fleming
November 2, 1917 – June 5, 1942
    
Captain Richard E. Fleming, Medal of Honor recipient
Place of birth Saint Paul, Minnesota
Place of death KIA at Midway
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch United States Marine Corps
Years of service 1939-1942
Rank Captain
Battles/wars World War II
*Battle of Midway
Awards Medal of Honor

Captain Richard E. Fleming (November 02, 1917-June 05, 1942) was a United States Marine who received the Medal of Honor for his heroism in World War II during the Battle of Midway. Fleming piloted a Vought SB2U Vindicator dive-bomber in an attack on the Japanese heavy cruiser Mikuma.

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[edit] Biography

Richard Fleming was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota on 2 November 1917. He attended Saint Thomas Military Academy and graduated in the Class of 1935. During his senior year he was chosen as top student officer.

From Saint Thomas he entered the University of Minnesota and became president of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1939. Soon after graduation, he enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserve and applied for flight training. He was sent to the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida, for training and finished at the top of his class in 1940. He was promoted to first lieutenant in April 1942 and to captain a month later.

Captain Fleming's first duty station was the Naval Air Base in San Diego, California. Ten days after the war began he flew from Pearl Harbor to Midway Island.

Captain Fleming, Flight Officer of Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 241, established himself as one of the great heroes of World War II in the Battle of Midway. When his Squadron Commander was shot down during the initial attack on a Japanese aircraft carrier, Capt Fleming took command of the division. Leaving the remainder of his formation, he dived to the perilously low altitude of 400 feet, exposing himself to enemy fire in order to score a hit on the ship.

The following day, 5 June 1942, Capt Fleming led the second division of his squadron in a mass dive-bombing assault on the Mikuma. Putting his plane into an approach glide, he again dived low and succeeded in scoring a near-miss on the objective. His plane, hit by anti-aircraft fire, caught fire. Unable to pull out of his dive, Capt Fleming, his plane a mass of flames, crashed into the sea.

For "extraordinary heroism and conspicuous gallantry above and beyond the call of duty," Capt Fleming was posthumously awarded the nation's highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor.

On 24 November 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt presented the Medal of Honor to Capt Fleming's mother.

[edit] In honor

The United States Navy ship, the USS Fleming, commissioned on September 18, 1943, was named in honor of Captain Fleming.

A memorial to Fleming is at Fort Snelling National Cemetery.[1]

Captain Fleming's name is listed on the Tablets of the Missing at Honolulu Memorial in Honolulu, Hawaii.[2]

Fleming is memorialized each year at his high school alma mater, Saint Thomas Academy. Each year during the Cadet Colonel promotion ceremony, he is remembered by the presentation of the "Fleming Saber".[3]

[edit] Medal of Honor citation

Captain Richard E. Fleming was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, the highest U.S. military award for valor. Fleming's citation, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt reads:

The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to

CAPTAIN RICHARD E. FLEMING
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For extraordinary heroism and conspicuous intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty as Flight Officer, Marine Scout-Bombing Squadron TWO FORTY-ONE during action against enemy Japanese forces in the Battle of Midway on June 4 and 5, 1942. When his squadron Commander was shot down during the initial attack upon an enemy aircraft carrier, Captain Fleming led the remainder of the division with such fearless determination that he dived his own plane to the perilously low altitude of four hundred feet before releasing his bomb. Although his craft was riddled by 179 hits in the blistering hail of fire that burst upon him from Japanese fighter guns and antiaircraft batteries, he pulled out with only two minor wounds inflicted upon himself. On the night of June 4, when the Squadron Commander lost his way and became separated from the others, Captain Fleming brought his own plane in for a safe landing at its base despite hazardous weather conditions and total darkness. The following day, after less than four hours' sleep, he led the second division of his squadron in a coordinated glide-bombing and dive- bombing assault upon a Japanese battleship. Undeterred by a fateful approach glide, during which his ship was struck and set afire, he grimly pressed home his attack to an altitude of five hundred feet, released his bomb to score a near-miss on the stern of his target, then crashed to the sea in flames. His dauntless perseverance and unyielding devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.

[edit] Postwar myths and clarifications regarding Fleming's attack

The Mikuma shortly before sinking.
The Mikuma shortly before sinking.

The "battleship" attacked by Capt. Fleming was actually the heavy cruiser Mikuma. Interestingly, despite the clear language in Fleming's Medal of Honor citation, which noted (correctly) his having achieved a near miss and then crashing into the sea, the common wisdom of the battle has often had Fleming striking Mikuma with his bomb, and then crashing his aircraft onto her aft turrets. The basis for this construction is primarily the very famous image of Mikuma in a pre-sinking state on the early evening of 6 June. Wreckage located on the roof of #4 turret has commonly been ascribed as that of Fleming's aircraft. However, Mikuma had suffered catastrophic damage from the detonation of her own Type 93 torpedo mounts, which were located immediately forward of the main battery turrets, on the main deck. The resulting explosions had largely destroyed the aft portion of Mikuma's funnel, as well as her rear superstructure and mainmast. This accounts for the wreckage on her turret roof. Similarly, the particulars of Mikuma's damage, as well as the American attacks against her, were very accurately recorded by the Japanese, and these sources make no mention of a hit by an enemy aircraft. As such, it is clear that Fleming did not strike the ship. This, of course, does not detract from Fleming's gallantry in combat, nor diminish the honor of his memory, as the particulars of his Citation make clear.

[edit] See also

United States Marine Corps Portal

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Notable Persons. Fort Snelling National Cemetery. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
  2. ^ Richard E. Fleming, Captain, U.S. Marine Corps. The World War II Honor Roll. American Battle Monuments Commission. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
  3. ^ Military History of Saint Thomas Academy. St. Thomas Academy. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.