Ribbonfish
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 Scalloped ribbonfish, Zu cristatus
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See text for genera and species. |
The ribbonfish are a family, Trachipteridae, of marine fish. These pelagic fish are named for their slim, ribbon-like appearance. They are rarely seen alive as they typically live in deep waters (though are not bottom feeders).
They are readily recognized by their anatomy: a long, compressed, tape-like body, short head, narrow mouth and feeble teeth. A high dorsal fin occupies the whole length of the back; an anal fin is absent, and the caudal fin, if present, consists of two fascicles of rays of which the upper is prolonged and directed upwards. The pectoral fins are small, the pelvic fins composed of several rays, or of one long ray only. Ribbon fish possess all the characteristics of fish living at very great depths. Their fins especially, and the membrane connecting them, are of a very delicate and brittle structure. In young ribbonfish some of the fin-rays are prolonged in an extraordinary degree, and sometimes provided with appendages.
Specimens have been taken in the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, at Mauritius and in the Pacific. The species from the Atlantic has occurred chiefly on the northern coasts, Iceland, Scandinavia, Orkneys and Scotland. The north Atlantic species known in English the dealfish; its Icelandic name is "vagmaer". Its length is 5 to 8 feet (1.5–2.5 m). Specimens seem usually to be driven to the shore by gales in winter, and are sometimes left by the tide. S. Nilsson, however, in Scandinavia observed a living specimen in two or three fathoms (4–5 m) of water moving something like a flatfish with one side turned obliquely upwards. A specimen of Trachipterus ishikawae was discovered on a beach in Kenting, Taiwan in November 2007, alive but with a 10-cm cut wound to its side, and was returned to deeper water.
Trachipterus ishikawae are commonly called "earthquake fish" in Taiwan, and are popularly believed to appear following major earthquake events due to sensitivity to disturbances in the ocean floor. There are records of such appearances following a 100-year earthquake in Hengchun in late 2006 and in Taidong in 2007, but other recorded sightings do not correspond with seismic disturbances.
[edit] Species
FishBase reports ten species in three genera:
- Genus Desmodema
- Whiptail ribbonfish, Desmodema lorum Rosenblatt & Butler, 1977.
- Polka-dot ribbonfish, Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898).
- Genus Trachipterus
- King-of-the-salmon, Trachipterus altivelis Kner, 1859.
- Deal fish, Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1771).
- Tapertail ribbonfish, Trachipterus fukuzakii Fitch, 1964.
- Trachipterus ishikawae Jordan & Snyder, 1901.
- Dealfish, Trachipterus jacksonensis (Ramsay, 1881).
- Ribbon fish, Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789).
Ribbon fish, Trachipterus trachypterus
- Genus Zu
- Scalloped ribbonfish, Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1819).
- Taper-tail ribbonfish, Zu elongatus Heemstra & Kannemeyer, 1984.
[edit] References
- "Trachipteridae". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. February 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
