RHOA

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ras homolog gene family, member A
PDB rendering based on 1a2b.
Available structures: 1a2b, 1cc0, 1cxz, 1dpf, 1ftn, 1kmq, 1lb1, 1ow3, 1s1c, 1tx4, 1x86, 1xcg, 1z2c, 2gcn, 2gco, 2gcp
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	RHOA; ARH12; ARHA; RHO12; RHOH12
External IDs	OMIM: 165390 MGI: 1096342 HomoloGene: 1257
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • nucleotide binding • magnesium ion binding • GTPase activity • signal transducer activity • protein binding • GTP binding Cellular Component: • intracellular • cytoskeleton • membrane Biological Process: • small GTPase mediated signal transduction • Rho protein signal transduction • actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis • positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	387	11848
Ensembl	ENSG00000067560	ENSMUSG00000007815
Uniprot	P61586	Q3TN61
Refseq	NM_001664 (mRNA) NP_001655 (protein)	NM_016802 (mRNA) NP_058082 (protein)
Location	Chr 3: 49.37 - 49.42 Mb	Chr 9: 108.16 - 108.2 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase protein known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton in the formation of stress fibers. It is encoded by the gene RHOA.

It acts upon two known effector proteins: ROCK1 (Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1) and DIAPH1 (diaphanous homolog 1 (Drosophila)).

RhoA is part of a larger family of related proteins known as the Ras superfamily; proteins involved in the regulation and timing of cell division.

Contents 1 RhoA Pathway 2 Further reading 3 Notes 4 External links

[edit] RhoA Pathway

Molecules act on various receptors, such as NgR1, LINGO1, p75, TROY and other unknown receptors (eg. by CSPGs), which stimulates RhoA. RhoA activates ROCK (RhoA kinase) which stimulates LIM kinase, which then stimulates Cofilin, which effectively re-organises the Actin cytoskeleton of the cell¹. In the case of neurons, activation of this pathway results in growth cone collapse,^1,3 therefore inhibits the growth and repair of neural pathways and axons. Inhibition of this pathway by its various components usually results in some level of improved remyelination.^[1][2][3][4]

[edit] Further reading

[edit] Notes

1. ^ YIU, G. & ZHIGANG, H. (2006). Glial inhibition of CNS axon regeneration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 617-627
2. ^ BRADBURY, E.J., MCMAHON, S.B. (2006). Spinal cord repair strategies: why do they work? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 644-653
3. ^ KARNEZIS, T., MANDEMAKERS, W., MCQUALTER, J.L., ZHENG, B., HO, P.P., JORDAN, K.A., MURRAY, B.M., BARRES, B., TESSIER-LAVINGE, M., BERNARD, C.C.A. (2004). The neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo A is involved in autoimmune-mediated demyelination. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 736-744
4. ^ REGMAN, B.S., KUNKEL-BAGDEN, E., SCHNELL, L., DAI, H.N., GAO, D., SCHWAB, M.E. (1995). Recovery from spinal cord injury mediated by antibodies to neurite growth inhibitors. Nature, 378, 498-501

[edit] External links

• MeSH rhoA+Protein

v • d • e Acid anhydride hydrolases: GTPases/G proteins (EC 3.6.5) 3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein Gαs - Gαi (GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3) - Gαq/11 (GNAQ, GNA11) - Gα12/13 (GNA12, GNA13) - Transducin (GNAT1, GNAT2) 3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily Ras - Rab (Rab27) - Arf (Arf6) - Ran - Rheb - Rho family (RhoA, RhoB, CDC42, Rac1) - Rap 3.6.5.3: Elongation factor Prokaryotic - Eukaryotic 3.6.5.5-6: Other Dynamin (is a GTPase, is not a G protein) - Tubulin

v • d • e Rho family of GTPases Most studied Cdc42 - Rac1 - RhoA Cdc42 subclass Cdc42 - TC10 - TCL - Wrch1 - Chp Rac subclass Rac1 - Rac2 - Rac3 - RhoG RhoBTB subclass RhoBTB1 - RhoBTB2 RhoH subclass RhoH Rho subclass RhoA - RhoB - RhoC Rnd subclass Rnd1 - Rnd2 - Rnd3 RhoD subclass RhoD - Rif