Reuben Colburn

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Reuben Colburn, was a patriot and shipbuilder of Pittston, Maine. His home, the Major Reuben Colburn House, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1761, Colburn, his seven siblings and parents moved to Gardinerston in Maine, then a province of Massachusetts . He arrived near the beginning of serious tensions between the colonists and the British.

A strong patriot, Colburn took up arms in 1775 when the revolution started and obtained command of his local committee of safety. To bring local Indians in on the American side, he gathered the Abenaki tribes of the St. Francis and travelling by canoe led them to Cambridge, Massachusetts for an audience with General George Washington at the Vassall-Craigie-Longfellow House. A surprised Washington welcomed them with open arms and enlisted the chiefs on the spot. When informed of an upcoming plan to capture Quebec City under the command of American Colonel Benedict Arnold, Colburn offered his services to the Continental army complete with scouts, maps, and boats.

Arnold was enthusiastic about the new support and wrote Colburn immediately:

"Sir, His Excellency General Washington Desires you will Inform your self how soon, there can be procured, or built, at Kennebec, Two hundred light Batoos Capable of Carrying Six or Seven Men each, with their Provisions & Baggage, (say 100 wt. to each man) the Boats to be furnished with four Oars two Paddles & two Setting Poles each, the expence of Building them & wheather a sufficient quantity of Nails can be procured with you."

Colburn sped to Maine, making plans for the expedition. Once home, he put his crew to work building the bateaux and procuring the foodstuffs from the local citizenry, many of whom were Tories and unsympathetic to the patriot cause. He ordered maps and sent three scouts on their way to explore the upper Dead River ahead of the coming army. Colburn made three trips to Cambridge during August of that year while the crews under the supervision of his brothers, Oliver and Benjamin Colburn and partner Thomas Agry, labored to fill the contract. They had only fifteen days to complete the task. Due to the short time frame and time of year, no dried pine was available and he was forced to cut fresh green pine to attach to the oak ribs.

When the transports arrived on September 20, the bateaux were just about finished. With Arnold on the transport Broad Bay was a 19-year old volunteer soldier by the name of Aaron Burr. Both were entertained in the Colburn home for three days until the army moved on upriver to Fort Western. Many legends surround the activities of Burr, but his stay with Reuben and Elizabeth Colburn is well documented. Two divisions remained at Colburn House for a week.

Colburn followed the expedition with a company of carpenters, fixing the flotilla as needed. The army barely made it through to supplies in Canada, and the 600 remnants led by Arnold later attacked Quebec and failed. Most of the commanders were captured and Arnold received the leg wound that plagued him for the rest of his days. Colburn and his brothers returned to Pittston where he continued to build ships and support American causes for the remainder of the war.

Reuben Colburn was never paid the money promised him by Washington. Thus, in the winter of 1776, when he first contacted Washington about the matter, a campaign began to gain payment that would last until the last family member failed in 1856. Treasury officials lost his receipts and for 20 years they sat in a box in New York after the commissioner died. In 1792, an act of limitation passed in the Continental Congress banning all Revolutionary claims as questionable due to the length of time passed, but this was challenged as unjust. Colburn suffered great economic hardship for this great expense and died in [1] 1818 financially ruined by the embargo and the War of 1812. He served in the Massachusetts General Court and was a delegate to the Falmouth Convention where he was the first to vote for statehood for Maine. That effort failed.

Kenneth Roberts' 1929 novel Arundel mentions Reuben Colburn on several pages. He, along with Arnold are the only real characters not fictionalized in his story. The journals of the members of the original expedition complied by Roberts in March to Quebec are a critical primary source for the Arnold Expedition.