Renard R-31
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| R-31 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Reconnaissance |
| Manufacturer | Renard |
| Maiden flight | 1932 |
| Introduction | 1935 |
| Retired | 1940 |
| Primary user | Belgian Air Force |
| Number built | 34 |
The Renard R-31 was a Belgian reconnaissance aircraft of the 1930s. A single engined parasol monoplane, 32 R-31s were built for the Belgian Air Force, the survivors of which, although obsolete, remained in service when Nazi Germany invaded Belgium in 1940. The Renard R-31 was the only World War II operational military aircraft entirely designed and built in Belgium.
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[edit] Design and Development
The Renard R-31 was designed by Alfred Renard of Constructions Aéronautiques G. Renard to meet a requirement of the Belgian Air Force for a short ranged reconnaissance and army co-operation aircraft. It first flew at Evere, near Brussels on 16 October 1932 [1].
It was a parasol monoplane of mixed construction, powered by a Rolls-Royce Kestrel engine, with a welded steel tubing structure with metal sheet covering the forward fuselage and fabric covering of the remainder of the airframe The wing was held in position by a single Vee strut on each side, conjoined with its fixed under carriage.
An order for 28 R-31s was placed in March 1934, with six to be built by Renard and the remainder by SABCA. One aircraft was fitted with a Lorraine Petrel engine for evaluation, but this was later replaced by the normal Kestrel engine. A second aircraft was fitted with an enclosed canopy and a Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major radial engine, becoming the R-32, with this then being replaced by a Hispano-Suiza 12Y engine, but the R-32 did not show sufficiently improved performance to gain a production order. A further six R-31s were ordered in August 1935 [1].
[edit] Operational History
The R-31 entered service with the Belgian Air Force in 1935 [2], replacing the Breguet 19 in the 9e and 11e Escadrilles d'Observation based at Liège. In service, it was not popular, as it had poor handling, being vulnerable to entering flat spins if mishandled, with all aerobatics therefore being banned[1].
The R-31 was hopelessly obsolete, and those that were not destroyed on the ground in the early hours of the German Blitzkrieg invasion of Belgium in May of 1940 were ravaged by German fighters as they bravely attempted to gather information on the German invasion. None apparently functioned as ground support aircraft during the brief Belgian Army resistance, flying 54 reconnaissance sorties in support of the Allied forces defending Belgium[2], with the last mission (which was also the final mission flown by the Belgian Air Force in its attempt to repel the Germans, being flown on the afternoon of 27 May 1940 [1]. Following the German occupation of Belgium, the Luftwaffe had no interest in the machines and those that had survived the initial onslaught were unused or were destroyed. Overall, these machines had no significant impact on the war although they were briefly involved.
[edit] Specifications (Renard R.31)
Data from War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Seven, Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft [1]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 9.20 m (30 ft 2 in)
- Wingspan: 14.40 m (47 feet 2¾ inches)
- Height: 2.92 m [2] (9 ft 7 in)
- Wing area: 32 m² (344 ft²)
- Empty weight: 1,330 kg (2,926 lb)
- Loaded weight: 2,130 kg (4,686 lb)
- Powerplant: 1× Rolls-Royce Kestrel IIS V-12, liquid-cooled engine, 358 kW (480 hp)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 294 km/h (159 knots, 183 mph) at 4,000 m(13,120 ft)
- Cruise speed: 238 km/h (129 knots, 148 mph)
- Range: 650 km [2] (351 nm, 404 mi)
- Service ceiling 8,750 m (28,700 ft)
- Wing loading: 66.6 kg/m² (13.6 lb/ft²)
- Power/mass: 0.17 kW/kg (0.10 hp/lb)
- Climb to 2,000 m (6,560 ft): 5.5 min
- Climb to 5,000 m (16,400 ft): 11.7 min
Armament
- One or two forward-firing 7.62 mm Vickers machine guns and one 7.62 mm Lewis machine gun in flexible mount in rear cockpit
[edit] See also
Comparable aircraft
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
[edit] Bibliography
- Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Seven: Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft. London: Macdonald & Co.(Publishers) Ltd., 1967. ISBN 0356-01477-0.
- Pacco, John. "Renard R.31" Belgisch Leger/Armee Belge: Het militair Vliegwezen/l'Aeronautique militaire 1930-1940. Artselaar, Belgium, 2003, pp. 49-51. ISBN 90-801136-6-2.
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