User:RekonDog

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Contents 1 About User 1.1 Forward 2 User:RekonDog - Marine Force Reconnaissance 3 Mission 3.1 "Green Side" 3.2 "Black Side" 4 History 5 Table of Organization 5.1 Command and Support Element 5.2 Subordinate Element 6 Training 6.1 Selection 6.2 Mission Training Plan 6.2.1 Individual Training Phase 6.2.2 Unit Training Phase 6.2.3 MEU (SOC) Training Phase 6.2.4 MEU(SOC) Deployment Phase & Post-Deployment Phase 7 Weapons 7.1 The MEU(SOC) Pistol 8 Equipment 8.1 The Full Spectrum Battle Equipment Amphibious Assault Vest, Quick-Release (FSBE AAV QR) 8.2 The Modular Integrated Communications Helmet (MICH) 9 Vehicles 9.1 Interim Fast Attack Vehicle (IFAV) 10 Notes 11 References

[edit] About User

[edit] Forward

I am a US Marine who is dedicated to 2nd Force Reconnaissance even though the disbandment end of 2006. I am contributing my efforts and knowledge as a Marine and a man who loves US Military History, particulary a historian in USMC history. I am researching a great deal in Force Recon history and will, to the best of my knowledge of wiki rules and page making, will include substantial facts.

This article does not cite any references or sources. (May 2008) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance
USMC Force Reconnaissance insignia
Active	1954 - Present
Country	United States
Allegiance	Department of the Navy, Department of Defense
Branch	United States Marine Corps
Nickname	Force Recon, FORECON (acronym)
Motto	Celer, Silens, Mortalis "Swift, Silent, Deadly"
Engagements	Vietnam War Operation Urgent Fury Operation Desert Storm Operation Restore Hope Operation Enduring Freedom Operation Iraqi Freedom

[edit] User:RekonDog - Marine Force Reconnaissance

The United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance detachments, or FORECON, operate in deep reconnaissance, direct action, and the control of supporting arms; to convey military intelligence beyond the means of a commander's area of influence in the battlefield. They are capable of operating independently in combined methods of amphibious and ground operations by utilizing methods of conventional and unconventional warfare in defense of the United States.

The FORECON detachments are one of the two Marine Reconnaissance units that report to Marine Air-Ground Task Force; they soley support the Command Element as the Marine Reconnaissance units attached to Marine Divisions support the Ground Combat Element within the Marine Air-Ground Task Force.

Although Force Recon has never been part of the United States Special Operations Command, their missions slightly differentiate itself aside from other United States Special Operations Forces units. Colloquially, they are specialized in same tactics in as the United States Navy SEALs, United States Army Special Forces, and United States Air Force Pararescue.

[edit] Mission

Reconnaissance are a valuable asset to the Marine Air-Ground Task Force when the MEF Commander is face with the uncertainty that exists in the battlefield, reconnaissance is needed to ensure that proper measures are adhered when overcoming their adversaries, known to Marines as battlespace shaping, to act and react to the changes in the battlefield.^[1] As other Special Operations Forces are tasked and reports to USSOCOM, Marines in reconnaissance units are reserved for supporting the Marine Infantry that are directly involved in battlespace shaping.^[2]

However, Force Reconnaissance are employed far beyond the battlefield, the 'Area of Interest', while the Division's Recon Marines are tasked within the boundaries of the Commander's 'Area of Influence'. This is what characterizes the difference in the roles of both 'elite' Marine Reconnaissance units, by the depth of penetration.

Many of the types of reconnaissance missions that are conducted by Marine Recon units are characterized on the depth of penetrations; greatly impacting the terms of time, risk coordination and requirements for support. Marine Recon Battalions are in charge of Close and Distant Reconnaissance as Deep Reconnnassaince are the intentions reserved for Force Reconnaissance. however they both utilize these two separate and distinct missions: 1) reconnaissance and 2) direct action in terms of 'special' entry.^[3] During the outset of the Vietnam War, they were known as "Key Hole" and "Sting Ray" operations. The versatility of FORECON are administered when missions can quickly turn over from a deep recon to a direct action, whether it was planned or not.

[edit] "Green Side"

Tasks characterized in 'deep reconnaissance' by FORECON are known as "green" side operations. They profile in any missions pertaining to deep preassalt/postassault reconnaissance. They are to observe, identify and report their adversaries by collecting any military importance to MAGTF^[4], and also be tasked in bomb damage assessment missions. Green operations may consist of hydrography, recon of beaches, routes, urban areas, and initiate terminal guidance in landing and dropzones for heliborne, airborne, or waterborne operations, to include forward operating sites for aircrafts. They may collect tactical imagery as well in placing or recovering remote sensors^[5] and beacons. Silence and stealth was vital to ensure no contact with the enemy was made. This ensures them to carry out ground and amphibious reconnaissance and forward observing without interruptions, a single shot heard can and will fail the mission.

[edit] "Black Side"

These missions are known as direct action, or DA missions. These operations place an opposite role when Marines would get up and "close and personal" or looking for trouble. Black Ops, are used in seizures of gas/oil platform (or GOPLAT) and the visit, board, search and seizure (or VBSS) of ships that consists of maritime inderdiction operations (MIO). Demonstrating Close Air Support is a vital tool conducted in DA missions, where Recon units will observe from static positions and spider holes. Also, they provide Personal Security Details (PSD) for "top" tier-oriented personnel. In-Extremis Hostage Rescue was one the tasks oriented by FORECON, this role now has been reserved for the special operations forces.

[edit] History

On May 12, 1954, Camp Pendleton, CA an experimental team, Marine Corps Test Unit #1 was created within Amphib. Recon Bn. with Captain Joseph Z. Taylor onboard as its new commander. The Marine Corps foresaw the concern that the battlefield will be facing a new threat to U.S. soil as other countries began to research nuclear weapons capabilities. Since most of the standard operation procedures on the Marines' battleplan was to engage in amphibious warfare such as assaulting a beachead, they began to realize they will need to be flexible in engaging hundreds of miles inland from their natural 'amphibious habitat', beyond the frontlines of their adversaries.

MCTU #1 packed their gear and headed to Fort Benning, GA for the United States Army Airborne School. However, some Marines were pulled back to remain and additional few weeks for the U.S. Army's Jumpmaster Course. Thereafter, to a small Marine Corps installaton at El Centro, CA. A Chief Warrant Officer in the United States Navy by the name of Lew Vinson, an expert in parachuting was called in to teach this newly formed team MCTU #1 in 'free-falling' tactics. He has been reputable by the U.S. Navy of heading the testing of parachuting at high altitude became on-going concern encountered by fighter pilots. During this era, many pilots were being trained in such areas as aircrafts were reaching higher and faster achievements in aviation. Such hazardous heights demanded adequate training in safety of our Marines and sailors.

By evaluating its past history of the Corps's airborne and waterborne practices, they utilized a new plan in dealing with the uncertainty of war. Their 'special entry' methods of HALO/HAHO was introduced. They jumped out of any aircraft the United States Navy had to offer, mostly aircrafts that were carrier-bounded. Most commonly out the small, compact bombing bays of the the F3D Skyknight or the A3D Skywarrior attached to an improvised static line. Their devotion and disclipline in high-altitude free-falling operations became the cornerstone in today's operations in High-Altitude, Low Opening/High Opening operations, or known as "HALO/HAHO" jumping.

But engaging in airborne operations weren't the only other involment concerning them. In history, United States Marines were used in 'aggressive' maneuvering in support of naval campaigns, and patience isn't one of the these traits that they were known to carry at a very respectful degree. And stealth was a necessity if they were to catch their adversaries by surprise or in collection of military intelligence. A handful of Marines were trained by members of United States Army 5th Special Forces Group, instructed through Recondo School.

By 19 June 1957, the Marine Corps placed Major Bruce F. Meyers in commanded of the 1st Amphibious Reconnaissance Company, with three platoons to train and undergo missions pertaining to their new doctrine.

In 1958, half the Marines in 1st Amphib. Recon. were removed from the Company and hauled over to the Eastern seaboard, forming the 2nd Force Reconnaissance Company, to support the Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, or FMFLANT. Then 1st Amphibious Reconnaissance supplemented its new namesake with "Force" replacing "Amphibious" as the Marine Corps have already been eponymously known as 'amphibious'. During this phase, the 32nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, who then was a Captain, James L. Jones commands the newly formed 1st Force Reconnaissance Company.

[edit] Table of Organization

[edit] Command and Support Element

The structure of a Force Reconnaissance Company is more similar to that of an infantry battalion than a standard company although it may be smaller than the average size of a company.

• Headquarters Section

Commanding Officer (CO), a Lieutenant Colonel

Executive Officer (XO), a Major

Sergeant Major

• Adminstrative (S1)
• Intelligence (S2)
• Operations (S3)

Training Cell

Paraloft

• Logistics (S4)

Dive and Amphibious Lockers

Motor Transport

Armory

• Communications (S6)

[edit] Subordinate Element

The bulk of the Company is divided into six platoons, a platoon headquarters, four operational platoons, and a scout/sniper platoon. There are three six-man teams within an operational platoon.

• Headquarters platoon

Platoon Commander

Platoon Sergeant

Platoon Radion Operator

Navy Special Amphibious Reconnaissance Corpsman

Platoon Equipment NCO (Rigger and Armorer)

A Force Recon team consists of:

• Recon Team Leader (TL)
• Assistant Recon Team Leader (ATL)
• Field Radio Operator (RTO)
• Recon Man
• Recon/Scout
• Recon Scout/Driver

[edit] Training

[edit] Selection

Entrance in to FORECON is an extensive and demanding process in which Marines will attend the selection process known as the Reconnaissance Indoctrination and Screening. Marines from any other Reconnaissance unit still must undergo screening as there are no other exceptions into Force Reconnaissance. As there are Marine Officers in the command element of the Force Recon Companys, it is unlikely for an officer to be inserted with a Force Recon team as they are reserved as the supporting commander; officers within the Maritime Special Purpose Force accepts deployment of commissioned officers in limited scale raids during DA missions.

In order for Marines to be accepted for the 'Indoc', they must require:

• current physical
• GT score of 105
• CWS-1 swim qualification
• 20/20 vision; with minimum correction allowed. Laser-eye surgery is acceptable as long 20/20 is corrected.
• Normal color vision (with exceptions of able to identify color contrast between red and green)
• Good Pro/Cons.
• Security Clearance required

The 48-hour Reconnaissance Indoctrination and Screening is held once each month at either Camp Pendleton, CA or Camp Lejuene, NC as each unit hold their selection differently in their selection process. Basically the morning starts off with a standard physical fitness test, a 3-mile run, stomach crunches and chin-ups. Marine candidates must obtain a First Class score of 285 or higher to continue the indoc.

Since Marines are amphibious by nature, they will exceed to the pool next where they will perform water aerobics and underwater pushups while wearing boots and cammies. To simulate a magazine-fed weapon, they swim to the bottom of pool with a depth of 25 feet to retrieve a brick, a 10-pound center-block. They must carry it to the surface and swim it to the a designated spot. Also, the candidates tread water with rubber rifles (or known as a "rubber duck") above their head for 30 minutes.

The candidates then run the Obstacle Course, or "O" Course a few times on the next day. Here the Marines are determined by their effort of how they attemp the course and not by who finishes first. After the "O" Course, marines then attend the Ruck Sack Run with a ruck sack containing a 50-lbs sand bag and a "rubber duck" for a timed 8-mile run. The Candidates must keep up a pace of 4-5 mph or else they are dropped and sent back to their original unit. Any Marine participating as a candidate may at any time dropout and retake the indoc test later; it is common that many Marines will attempt the screening a few times before succeeding.

After the screening, the remaining candidates are then placed for a psychological screening and an interview. For Officers, they are interviewed by the Company Commander, while Enlisted Marines, the Company Sergeant Major and other Senior NCOs.

[edit] Mission Training Plan

Each Marine will undergo a non-stop, continuous loop of a two-year cycle in five phases:

• Phase 1 - Individual Training Phase
• Phase 2 - Unit Training Phase
• Phase 3 - MEU(SOC) Training Phase
• Phase 4 - MEU (SOC) Deployment
• Phase 5 - Post Deployment

"The best form of WELFARE for our Marines and sailors is first class training; this saves unnecessary casualties"^[6]

[edit] Individual Training Phase

Once the Marines are accepted for further training, they are inducted into the first step of the excessive "pipeline" whereas Marines will undergo extensive training in 'specialized" schools that is known to last for two years until becoming full-fledged Force Reconnaissance Operators.

This first step, Marines are placed in Reconnaissance Indoctrination Platoons, or RIP. This is the next step for honing and progressing their skills necessary to function within a Force Reconnaissance Company. Also acts as another selection and screening board to 'weed out' the lesser motivated Marines (aside from the [Reconnaissance#Selection|Reconnaissance Indoctrination and Screening]).

The candidates are given further training in patrolling, amphibious reconnaissance, communications and land orientation which will warm-up the Marines before attending the rigorous and demanding Basic Reconnaissance Course. While in the RIP, candidates are issued a 12 foot rope; at any time instructors will demand the candidates to tie knots (they've learned during RIP) of his choosing. To the common practice, the candidates are often known as "ropers".

The Force Recon Marines that are qualified and already have obtained the MOS 0321/8654 will take advantage of this phase to attend other specialized schools while the candidates must continue their training before moving onto Phase 2 of the MTP. They attend the Ranger, Pathfinders, Long Range Surveillance Course in Fort Benning, GA, Emergency Medical Technician Course at the Naval Base Kitsap, Low-Level Static Line and Miltary Free-fall Jumpmaster Course, Winter/Summer Mountain Leadership Course, Helicopter Rope Suspension Training (HRST) Master, Scout/Sniper Course, and the High Risk Personnel (HRP) Course.

During this phase, the candidates attend the Basic Reconnaissance Course (BRC) at the School of Infantry, East and West coast.^[7] This course used to be taught at the Amphibious Reconnaissance School, which is located either at NAB Coronado, CA or Little Creek, VA of the Expeditionary Warfare Training Group, Pacific or Atlantic. Since 2007, due to the availability of housing the facililities, and coordinated support of personnel, the course has been moved to its new locations.

The course is 49-days long with the average training day of 13.5 hours. This course is what introduces them to the Force Reconnaissance environment. Marines will gain a working knowledge of the reconnaissance doctrine, concepts and techniques that emphasize on ground and amphibious reconnaissance missions. To fill a spot in the school, the Marine must have been on one year deployment and a minimum of two years left on their contract, or make a committment in reenlisting. The candidates will receive basic knowledge of coxswain skills in planning, organizing, and execution in operating the Combat Rubber Reconnaissance Craft and necessary skills in operating the onboard motor, launch and recovery procedures, over-the horizon (OTH), amphibious raids, and operations in the surf zone Also, maritime navigation is included in the training program, as well as the launch and recovery procedures of the CRRC.^[8]

Other training includes beach reconnnaissance, underwater and breach demolitions, communications, rough terrain skills, and scout swimming. Also, they will learn the fundamentals of weapons of all types (air, sea, and land) that are employed in supporting arms in interfacing with calling and adjusting naval gunfire, artillery, close air support (CAS). They will practice day and night in learning to operate behind enemy lines and conduct immediate action drills when encountered. Photography with a field camera and underwater camera for surveillance are also taught along with field sketching where they include to learn range estimations. Above all, they learn insertion/extraction techniques in Helicopter Rope Suspension Training, such as fast roping, rappelling, and SPIE rigging.^[9]

Even though every Marine in the past have read a map and patrolling, training is more in depth to ensure that the candidates will recieve the skills to efficiently work in a recon team. Upon graduation, Marines and Corpsmen will then receive the MOS 0321 or NEC 8427; The Marines who are already qualified as parachutist and/or USMC combatant divers and completed the BRC will be assigned as MOS "B" 8654.

In order for Marines remain undetected, they utilize the fundamentals of underwater infiltration in order to execute their objectives. The USMC Combatant Diver Course is created for that reason.^[10] The course is taught at the Navy Diving and Salvage Training Center in Panama City, FL. During this eight-week course that they are introduced to open and the closed-circuit diving (using the LAR-V rebreather), diving physics and medicine, to give first aid to personal or other casualties in cause of diving-related hazards. Most of the training in combatant diving is mostly done at night

This course is to provide the Marines with the best possible combat underwater tactical swimming training available and developing the skills required to successfully conduct an underwater infiltration and exfiltration required by the Marine Corps Orders pertaining the reconnaissance doctrine. The candidates will learn through classroom instructions on physical training, drown-proofing and pool familiarization. Given the confidence and capabilities as a combatant diver enables the Marines to negotiate long distance in open water infiltrating in surface and sub-surface, and learn to deal with the hazards of a "surf zone" tangle, simulating equipment malfunction; to learn how to regain control without panicking.

The purpose for learning open-circuit instills the disclipline that involves in descending and ascending procedures, searching for lost, submerged equipment, and day/night surface compass swims as closed-circuit emphasizes on the sub-surface navigation infiltration and exfiltrations. The combatant divers course combines lecture, demonstration, and practical application in gas mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen and oxygen charging procedures by using the USMC Oxygen Transfer Pump System, or USMC OTPS. Upon completion of the course, the candidates are honored with the Special "B" MOS 8643.

Next in the pipeline is Jump School, the bread of butter of FORECON. After they graduated from the BRC and USMC Combatant Diver Course, they are introduced to the skill of parachuting at the United States Army Airborne School stationed abroad Fort Benning, Georgia. This course is outlined to teach candidates in insertion with a parachute. This course is separated into three training weeks, Ground, Tower and Jump Week.

Ground Week - Marines are introduced to the MC-5 Ram parachute. This Ram Air parachute is combined for low-level static line (LLSF) and military free-fall (MFF). He will learn to properly execute a Parachute Landing Fall (PLF) by absorbing the shock of landing and learn to ditribute across the balls of the feet, calf, thigh, buttocks, and back muscle and the proper procedures of exiting an aircraft via static line, landing safely land in an Drop Zone (DZ).

Tower Week - Two towers are used for training, the Swing-Landing Tower, or SLT and the "Tower" The SLT is a 12-foot high platform to simulate the downwarn inertia and oscillation of an actual jump. Instructors have full control of the SLT and can make it challenging as they can determine how hard or soft the Marine will land. The 250-feet high "Tower" is designed for PLFs, practicing landing during the descent.

Jump Week - In order for a Marine to earn his "silver wings", he is to perform five parachute jumps; an individual jump, and another with tactical assembly, mass exiting jump with equipment - day and night, and an individual mass exiting jump. In order to earn the USN/USMC parachutist badge, or "gold wings", he must perform and additional five jumps; to include a day/night slick jump which is without equipment, and the fifth jump is a water jump. A Marine that is Parachutist Qualified is assigned the MOS 8652.

By then, the candidates are now officially Force Recon Marines and they still must undergo training in Individual Training Phase such as the Survial, Evasion, Resistance and Escape School at either NAS North Island, CA, located north of NAB Coronado, CA or NAS Brunswick, ME. In this 12-day course, the training curriculum is divided into 3 phases; phase one consist of classroom lesson, lectures and demonstrations. The second phase deals with six field laboratory days, and debriefs and graduation is in the last phase.

While Level A is mainly taught for Recruits or candidates in OCS. It is this base that provides Level C Code of Conduct that is necessary for Force Recon as they are a high risk, since they are the "eyes" and "ears" the MEF commander, carrying knowledge of pertinent information in the battlefield.

Any additional survival training in Level C Code of Conduct may include the five-day Peacetime Detention and Hostage Survival (PDAHS) training. This training provide the skills necessary to survive in a hostile government and/or terrorist cell captivity during peacetime.

Note: Due to the classification involved in these courses involving SERE, according to Operation Security (OPSEC), the expansion of this topic cannot exceed any further.

[edit] Unit Training Phase

After the Marines have undergone all the training required to be a qualified FORECON Marine, they regroup together within the Company and train together, purposely formed for team-building which is essential for a recon team to successfully complete their objectives. During this six-month phase, experienced Staff NCOs and Officers from the S3 section in the Company are charged with conducting training packages. They are called the T-Cell, and has proven useful for this portion of the training as it allows the experienced FORECON operators within the T-Cell to elaborate any training on everything Marines will be hardened against.

The Long Range Communications Package is a three-week course covered by the Communication Section. As Force Recon operates in deep reconnaissance, to report observations, call for fire or extraction, they need to understand to use the equipment that they have at bay. It includes training in Long Range High Frequency, multi-band, digital and satellite communications (SATCOM).

The first two week of the Weapons and Tactics Package involves 5000-8000 rounds fired from the Close Quarters Combat Weapon equipped with a Special Operations Peculiar Modification kit and the MEU(SOC) .45 ACP. And conducts a Live Fire and Maneuvering exercise on the third week in immediate action (IA) drills in close range of rotary wing support as well as tranportation.

As the Marines become familiar with their weapons, they conduct field exercise force-on-force live fire drills using a militarized version of the Simunitions kit called the Special Effects Small Arms Marking Systems, or SESAMS. They are marking cartridge ammunition that contains a small plastic sabot round encasing a colored detergent, or paint; usually red or blue. This gives an extreme edge in training for Marines.

The one-week Threat Weapons Familiarization package concludes knowledge of weapons in identification and operation of threat weapons used by adversaries of the United States. Threat Weapons consists of assault, automatic and mobilized weapons.

Force Fires Package will give the Marines a working knowledge of fixed and rotary wing close air support and Naval Gun Surface Fire (NGSF) by utilizing the AN/PEQ-1A Laser Acquisition Marker, or (SOFLAM) to "paint" their targets.

In order to rapidly deploy FORECON on a mission-oriented tasks requires fast mobilization; the Mobile Reconnaissance package covers all aspects in operating and maintaining the M998 HMMWV and the Interim Fast Attack Vehicle. The current IFAV is a replacement of the two earlier FAVs, the M-151A2 and the Chenowth FAV that were employed in the 1980s and 1990s.

The Advanced Airborne package is extremely important for Recon Marines when it comes to inserting behind enemy lines. In this three-week period, Marines will make the changing approach from conventional LLSL insertions into the hallmark of HAHO techniques. Usually it consists of night consecutive night jumps with night combat equipment, but also HAHO training are exhibited in the Paraloft of the S3 Section using a complex virtual reality-based computer system. While wearing a VR headset device, the Marines hang suspended from the Paraloft ceiling that resembles the MC-5 Ram Air parachute. Many simulations are factored in this Virtual Reality Parachute Simulation; it allows the Marine to jump at high altitudes and visually check his main canopy for proper deployment, alleviate malfunctions, to cutaway and deploy a reserve parachute, then employ guidance and control to an unmarked drop zone (DZ).

Many other training are listed to mold the Marines into a fully functional recon unit, many training packages include long range patrolling in desert areas to dissemble desert regions such as Kuwait (which is taught either at 29 Palms or Yuma AZ.), mountainous terrain and many other regions and environments that they may face in peacetime or during a conflict. It is vital for each and every Marine to apply all their skills in order for their team to accomplish the missions that are at hand.

Combat Trauma Package is an examination of first aid and medical treatment that can prepares Marines in many realistic scenerios where Marines can become casualties. Since Marines will be either in the swamps, in the water, helocasting, or jumping from aircrafts. This package is built for Marines to give them confidence and knowledge to apply medical attention to themselves or others while operating in hazard environments whether they are engaged in combat or not.

Combatant Dive Package is designed for concentrating on the unit's capabilities in the water. They will learn more about the LAR V rebreather as they have been taught at the USMC Combatant Dive Course. the T-Cell will introduce the Diver Propulsion Device (DPD) and the "buddy line", a plastic pipe made from composite plactics that every every marine is attached to. This ensures that the team remain close together as the water may be impossible for visuals contact in subsurface swimming.^[11]

While Marines were introduced to amphibious reconnaissance from the BRC, the T-Cell outlines the Amphibious Training package before they are attached to a MEU(SOC), this package refines their ability to conduct amphibious operations, and conventional and selected maritime special operations capabilities incorporating all their skills for Marines to work as a team.

[edit] MEU (SOC) Training Phase

This training phase concentrates more in direct action while the unit training phase was involving more in the "greenside" operations. The next phase in training is conducted by the Special Operations Training Group (SOTG). The mission of the SOTG is to qualify and prepare the Marines attached to the MEU to be 'Special Operations Capable' (required by MEF) for mission-oriented operations through series of courses before they are bound for a six-month deployment.^[12] These course involves close quarters combat and applied science in demolition, Gas/Oil Platform (GOPLAT) training, Cordon and Search, Visit, Board, Search, & Seizure, shipboard assaults training and humanitarian operations.^[13]

Urban warfare came to be the most dangerous for any soldier or Marine to be engaged in combat. Since the first time the Marine Corps has fought in a built-up area in Huế City, Vietnam, the U.S miltary concluded that a new doctrine is to be formed as they face a new era of urban warfare, bringing the battlefront from a sparcely populated area to the city. To hone these skills, Marines are introduced to the "Shooting House", a maze-like structure that is designed to facilitate any combat scenario they may face while conducting a room-to-room search and sweep.

After they are taught the skills to operating in DA missions, they participate in a Training in Urban Environment Exercice (TRUEX). The municipal, state, and federal officials such as the local and state police, fire departments, the Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigations have coordinated to make this training as realistic as possible for Marines. Force Recon Marines will get together with the MEU and conduct the Special Operations Capable Exercise, or SOCEX for preparation for any world conflict to peacekeeping/humanitarian operations.

[edit] MEU(SOC) Deployment Phase & Post-Deployment Phase

Force Reconnaissance will be under a sustainment of training on a daily basis during their six-month deployment. 1st Force Recon Company on the West Coast embarks to the Persian Gulf, 2nd Force Recon of the East Coast deployes to the Mediterranean Sea. Upon returning from deployment, the cycle continues with the first phase in the cycle. The Marines can either choose a career path, leave the company and return to their previous or new command or stay with Force Recon to begin the cycle starting with the [[[Reconnaissance#Individual Training Phase|Individual Training Phase] all over again.

[edit] Weapons

M3A1 Grease Gun (during Vietnam War)
M4A1 Close Quarters Battle Weapon (CQBW) with SOPMOD kit
M203 grenade launcher
Colt Commando
M9 pistol
M16A2
M40 Sniper Rifle
Designated Marksmen Rifle (DMR)
M82A3 SASR .50 anti-materiel weapon
M249 Squad Automatic Weapon
Mk 19 Grenade Launcher
Model HD .22 Pistol
M240 General Purpose Machine Gun
Remington 870
M2HB .50 heavy machine gun
Mossberg 500
M79 grenade launcher (Vietnam Era - still in use)
H&K MP5N SMG (replaced by M4A1)

[edit] The MEU(SOC) Pistol

Main article: MEU(SOC) pistol

Force Recon uses a modified and improved M1911A1 .45 pistol, originally introduced in 1924, and largely replaced in 1985 by the 9mm M9 due to logistic concerns (the M1911/M1911A1 used .45 ammunition, whereas the rest of NATO used 9mm ammunition) and capacity issues (the M9 features a 15-round, double-stack magazine, while the older M1911A1 only holds 7 rounds in a standard single-stack magazine). The pistol is constructed at the Precision Weapons Section at Quantico, Virginia, and are made from original service M1911 frames dating back to the 1940s. MEU(SOC) pistols use a variety of parts from different high-end manufacturers (they are all hand-built and maintained; no two MEU(SOC) .45s are exactly the same) and are some of the most reliable pistols in the world. When a pistol malfunctions due to wear and is irreparable without special equipment or parts, the pistol is sent back to Quantico for repairs. Repairs include changing slides and various parts, but the frames are never changed, as the U.S. government no longer produces them (many of the frames have gone through hundreds of thousands of rounds).

The MEU(SOC) pistol will be replaced by a commercially-produced improved MEU(SOC) pistol. The Interim Close Quarters Battle (ICQB) pistol produced by Kimber for MCSOCOM Detachment One is not a replacement for the MEU(SOC) pistol.

Springfield Armory is currently supplying the new MEU(SOC) pistols. The model of choice is the Springfield Custom Shop "Professional" 1911A1, which is also issued to the FBI SWAT teams and HRT.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Equipment

[edit] The Full Spectrum Battle Equipment Amphibious Assault Vest, Quick-Release (FSBE AAV QR)

A lightweight assault vest system that incorporates protection (in the form of soft armor coupled with hard ballistic inserts) with cargo retention capabilities (in the form of various pouches and pockets attached via standard PALS webbing). The entire FSBE kit includes the vest body, a throat protector, a groin protector and an assortment of load bearing pouches. A fully loaded vest with armor plates can prove quite heavy, and is only used in high-risk DA (direct action) missions. This vest is unique in its quick release system, where the Marine can ditch the entire vest very quickly in case of emergency. This quick release (ditch) feature (now also used on newer modular plate carriers such as the Paraclete Releasable Assault Vest) was developed in response to a December 9, 1999 CH-46E Sea Knight helicopter crash over the Pacific, where several members of 5th Platoon, 1st Force Reconnaissance Company drowned because they could not eject their heavy armor in time to swim away freely. Only one Marine was able to successfully ditch his equipment and survive. The FSBE vests are manufactured by Point Blank Armor (US), but Recon operators purchase additional modular load bearing pouches from a number of manufacturers.

The CIRAS suite of equipment manufactured by Eagle Industries is currently the new FSBE II system, and has replaced the FSBE AAVs.

Prior to this, the FSBE series replaced the older Close Quarters Battle Equipment Assault Vest (CQBE AV) that had been used by Force Recon since 1996. This kit is available to civilians, with prices for the FSBE vest body starting at $500 USD. This price does not include any ancillary pouches or soft armor or hard ballistic armor inserts.

[edit] The Modular Integrated Communications Helmet (MICH)

A lightweight ballistic helmet that incorporates excellent ballistic protection with the ability to interface with most tactical communications headsets and microphones utilized by high-speed units, replacing the bulky standard issue PASGT "K-pot." This helmet is now in use with most acitve duty US Army units, and is available in three design varieties. This helmet is also available to civilian consumers for around $450 USD per helmet. Two versions of the MICH, the 2000 and 2002 models are preferred, the difference being that the 2002 has earlobes that extend about half the distance than the 2000-series MICH earlobes.

[edit] Vehicles

[edit] Interim Fast Attack Vehicle (IFAV)

These are deployed and used by Force Recon. Force Recon used to operate a fleet of Desert Patrol Vehicles (formerly known as Fast Attack Vehicles or FAVs for short), popularized by the Navy SEALs as the "black dune buggy". However, this vehicle lacked cargo capacity and firepower, so Force Recon moved to a militarized Mercedes-Benz G-Class, also known as a G-wagon, 290 GDT diesel 4x4, a much more traditional "Jeep" type truck. The vehicle has only minimal armor, but numerous defensive weapons, including a Mk 19 automatic 40 mm grenade launcher. This vehicle is manufactured by MAGNA STEYR (Austria) for Mercedes-Benz (Germany).

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the United States Marine Corps.

http://www.marines.mil/news/messages/Pages/2007/Messagesa31.aspx