Reduced pressure zone device

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A Reduced Pressure Zone Device (RPZD, RPZ or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination.

An RPZD is considered suitable for high hazard applications, that is, where the consequence of backflow into the water supply would cause significant harm.

The device consists of two independent check valves, plumbed in series, with a pressure monitored chamber between. The chamber is maintained at a pressure that is lower than the water supply pressure, but high enough to be useful downstream. The reduced pressure is guaranteed by a differential pressure relief valve, which automatically relieves excess pressure in the chamber by discharging to a drain.

Discharge from the relief device is an indication that either of the two check valves is 'passing' (leaking past their shutoff seats).

In the case of the upstream check valve passing, the differential pressure (higher supply pressure compared with the lower chamber pressure) causes any flow to occur only in one direction. A buildup of pressure in the chamber in such a case would be relieved to the drain.

In the case of the downstream check valve passing, the differential pressure relief valve prevents the possibility of the chamber pressure from exceeding the supply pressure.

It is theoretically possible that, when both valves are faulty, backflow could occur, should the reverse flow rate exceed the capacity of the relief valve. Although this is unlikely, it is necessary to periodically inspect the RPZD to ensure proper operation.

A perfect example of where backflow would harm the water supply is the use of well washing devices inside underground sewerage pumping stations. At times untreated sewerage may contain a variety of harmful gases that will effectively break down and deteriorate concrete wells, hence well washers are utilised to spray water and wash down contaminated concrete walls of a well. All well washers are installed with RPZ Devices in case a pumping station breaks down, and the sewerage level rises above the well washer causing backflow down the water supply line.

In the UK, the RPZ valve must be tested at least every 12 months by an accredited tester.