Red harvester ant

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Red harvester ant

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Myrmicini
Genus:	Pogonomyrmex
Species:	P. barbatus

Binomial name

Pogonomyrmex barbatus

The red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) is a large (5 mm - 7 mm) ant common in the southwest United States.

[edit] Description

The chief food source for red harvester ants usually consists of seeds, which they hoard in great numbers, hence their name.

As with most ant species, their mating castes consist of winged alates (reproductives) that reside in the nest until weather permits them to fly away and mate. After that the male usually dies, while the now-fertilized queen returns to the ground to search for a suitable nesting site. Once she has chosen a site, she sheds her wings and begins to reproduce, creating a new colony. She produces "worker ants" for 1-65 years until her death.

Red Harvester Ants can be aggressive and have a painful sting that spreads through the lymph nodes, sometimes causing reactions, especially in animals allergic to their venom. They can also bite ferociously.

Over the years, their numbers have been declining, and this has often been attributed to competition for food with the invasive Red Imported Fire Ant. Their decline has affected many native species, especially those for which the red harvester ant is a chief source of food, such as the Texas horned lizard. This is why they should not be treated with insecticides or otherwise exterminated, unless they are found to be a problem in a particular area. Red harvester ants are often mistaken for fire ants, but are not related to any fire ant species, native or introduced. This class of ants is also known to have both male and female genesis.

Red harvester ant nest entry.

Red harvester ant nests are characterized by a lack of foliage and small pebbles surrounding a hole that is usually at grade. The mounds are typically flat and broad, 0 to 100 mm high, and 300 to 1200 mm in diameter. There have been reports of even larger denuded areas, on the order of 10 m². In grassland areas, like ranches, the lack of plant life makes red harvester ant colonies very easy to spot.