Red Rebellion of 1915-16

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The Red Rebellion of 1915-1916 is a fictional event that takes place during the alternate Great War in Harry Turtledove's Timeline-191 novel series. The Southern Victory series or Timeline-191 is a series of novels written by Harry Turtledove. They form an alternate history of events in the United States based on the premise that the Confederates won the Civil War and became an independent nation. The series covers events from 1862 to 1943 and features dozens of characters, some of them fictional and some of them based on real people.

During the Great War, the Confederate States relaxed some the controls over the African American residents (They were not recognized as citizens) because of the fighting against the United States. This, as well as receiving aid from the United States, led to a large scale uprising in the Cotton Belt of the South in 1915. This is comparable to the revolution in 1917 in Russia.

Several Socialist Republics were set up, such as the Black Belt Socialist Republic around Albany, Georgia, and the Congaree Socialist Republic around St. Matthews, South Carolina. The former butler Scipio is an unwilling leader in the latter republic, through whom we are able to see what happens in the black/"red" republics. The rebel groups began summary trials against many former slaveowners, executing many of them. The rebellions are eventually crushed, with several thousand blacks lynched in the process. The saddest fact of the rebellion was that out of 10 million African Americans in the CSA, fewer than 10% participated. This allowed local armed whites and militias to hold off all but the strongest groups until regular troops were raised or relocated to finish the fight.

The aftermath of the rebellions lead to the stab-in-the-back theory thrown around as truth by Jake Featherston, and helps lead to the African American-targeting holocaust he is plotting.