RE1-silencing transcription factor

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RE1-silencing transcription factor
Identifiers
Symbol(s) REST; NRSF; XBR
External IDs OMIM: 600571 MGI: 104897 HomoloGene: 4099
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 5978 19712
Ensembl ENSG00000084093 ENSMUSG00000029249
Uniprot Q13127 A0JNY8
Refseq NM_005612 (mRNA)
NP_005603 (protein)		 NM_011263 (mRNA)
NP_035393 (protein)
Location Chr 4: 57.47 - 57.5 Mb Chr 5: 78.34 - 78.36 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

RE1-silencing transcription factor, also known as REST, is a human gene.[1]. It is also commonly referred to as the Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor (NRSF).

This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor which represses neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissues. It is a member of the Kruppel-type zinc finger transcription factor family. It represses transcription by binding a DNA sequence element called the neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE, also known as RE1). The protein is also found in undifferentiated neuronal progenitor cells, and it is thought that this repressor may act as a master negative regular of neurogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described; however, their full length nature has not been determined.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: REST RE1-silencing transcription factor.

[edit] Further reading

  • Ooi L and Wood IC (2007). "Chromatin crosstalk in development and disease: lessons from REST". Nat. Rev. Genet. 8 (6(7)): 544–54. doi:10.1038/nrg2100. PMID 17572692. 
  • Chong JA, Tapia-Ramírez J, Kim S, et al. (1995). "REST: a mammalian silencer protein that restricts sodium channel gene expression to neurons.". Cell 80 (6): 949–57. PMID 7697725. 
  • Schoenherr CJ, Anderson DJ (1995). "The neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF): a coordinate repressor of multiple neuron-specific genes.". Science 267 (5202): 1360–3. PMID 7871435. 
  • Scholl T, Stevens MB, Mahanta S, Strominger JL (1996). "A zinc finger protein that represses transcription of the human MHC class II gene, DPA.". J. Immunol. 156 (4): 1448–57. PMID 8568247. 
  • Thiel G, Lietz M, Cramer M (1998). "Biological activity and modular structure of RE-1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a repressor of neuronal genes.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (41): 26891–9. PMID 9756936. 
  • Andrés ME, Burger C, Peral-Rubio MJ, et al. (1999). "CoREST: a functional corepressor required for regulation of neural-specific gene expression.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (17): 9873–8. PMID 10449787. 
  • Palm K, Metsis M, Timmusk T (1999). "Neuron-specific splicing of zinc finger transcription factor REST/NRSF/XBR is frequent in neuroblastomas and conserved in human, mouse and rat.". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 72 (1): 30–9. PMID 10521596. 
  • Naruse Y, Aoki T, Kojima T, Mori N (2000). "Neural restrictive silencer factor recruits mSin3 and histone deacetylase complex to repress neuron-specific target genes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 13691–6. PMID 10570134. 
  • Grimes JA, Nielsen SJ, Battaglioli E, et al. (2000). "The co-repressor mSin3A is a functional component of the REST-CoREST repressor complex.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (13): 9461–7. PMID 10734093. 
  • Coulson JM, Edgson JL, Woll PJ, Quinn JP (2000). "A splice variant of the neuron-restrictive silencer factor repressor is expressed in small cell lung cancer: a potential role in derepression of neuroendocrine genes and a useful clinical marker.". Cancer Res. 60 (7): 1840–4. PMID 10766169. 
  • Kojima T, Murai K, Naruse Y, et al. (2001). "Cell-type non-selective transcription of mouse and human genes encoding neural-restrictive silencer factor.". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 90 (2): 174–86. PMID 11406295. 
  • Battaglioli E, Andrés ME, Rose DW, et al. (2002). "REST repression of neuronal genes requires components of the hSWI.SNF complex.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (43): 41038–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205691200. PMID 12192000. 
  • Lunyak VV, Burgess R, Prefontaine GG, et al. (2002). "Corepressor-dependent silencing of chromosomal regions encoding neuronal genes.". Science 298 (5599): 1747–52. doi:10.1126/science.1076469. PMID 12399542. 
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. 
  • Lietz M, Hohl M, Thiel G (2003). "RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) regulates human synaptophysin gene transcription through an intronic sequence-specific DNA-binding site.". Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (1): 2–9. PMID 12492469. 
  • Hersh LB, Shimojo M (2003). "Regulation of cholinergic gene expression by the neuron restrictive silencer factor/repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor.". Life Sci. 72 (18-19): 2021–8. PMID 12628452. 
  • Kemp DM, Lin JC, Habener JF (2003). "Regulation of Pax4 paired homeodomain gene by neuron-restrictive silencer factor.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (37): 35057–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305891200. PMID 12829700. 
  • Zuccato C, Tartari M, Crotti A, et al. (2003). "Huntingtin interacts with REST/NRSF to modulate the transcription of NRSE-controlled neuronal genes.". Nat. Genet. 35 (1): 76–83. doi:10.1038/ng1219. PMID 12881722. 
  • Martin D, Tawadros T, Meylan L, et al. (2004). "Critical role of the transcriptional repressor neuron-restrictive silencer factor in the specific control of connexin36 in insulin-producing cell lines.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (52): 53082–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306861200. PMID 14565956. 
  • Kuwahara K, Saito Y, Takano M, et al. (2004). "NRSF regulates the fetal cardiac gene program and maintains normal cardiac structure and function.". EMBO J. 22 (23): 6310–21. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg601. PMID 14633990. 
  • Kuwabara T, Hsieh J, Nakashima K, et al. (2004). "A small modulatory dsRNA specifies the fate of adult neural stem cells.". Cell 116 (6): 779–93. PMID 15035981. 

[edit] External links


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v • d • e
Transcription factors and intracellular receptors
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)
Activating transcription factor (AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) • AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) • BACH (1, 2) • BATF • BLZF1 • C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) • CREB (1, 3, L1) • CREM • DBP • DDIT3 • GABPA • HLF • MAF (B, F, G, K) • NFE (2, L1, L2) • NRL • NRF1 • XBP1
(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)
ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BHLHB2 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • EPAS1 • HAND (1, 2) • HES (5, 6) • HEY (1, 2, L) • HES1 • HIF (1A, 3A) • ID (1, 2, 3, 4) • LYL1 • MXD4 • MYCL1 • MYCN • Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) • Neurogenins • NeuroD (1, 2) • NPAS (1, 2, 3) • OLIG (1, 2) • Scleraxis • TAL1 • Twist • USF1
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP
MAX • MITF • MNT • MLX • MXI1 • Myc • SREBP (1, 2)
(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2) Zinc finger
DNA-binding domains
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4)
subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) • subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) • subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Estrogen (α, β), Estrogen related (α, β, γ), Androgen, Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone)) • subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) • subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) • subfamily 6 (GCNF) • subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP)
(2.2) Other Cys4
GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) • MTA (1, 2, 3)
(2.3) Cys2His2
ATBF1 • BCL(6, 11A, 11B) • CTCF • E4F1 • EGR (2, 3) • ERV3 • General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF: 1, 2, TFIIH: 1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2) • GFI1 • GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, YY1) • HIC (1, 2) • HIVEP (1, 2, 3) • IKZF (1, 2, 3) • ILF (2, 3) • KLF (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) • MTF1 • MYT1 • OSR1 • Sp1 • zinc finger ((3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 649, 655) • Zbtb7 (7A) • ZBT (16, 17, 33)
(2.4) Cys6
(2.5) Alternating composition
AIRE • DIDO1 • GRLF1 • ING (1, 2, 4) • JARID (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2) • JMJD1B
(3) Helix-turn-helix
domains
ARX • CDX (1, 2) • CRX • CUTL1 • DLX (3, 4, 5) • EMX2 • EN (1, 2) • FHL (1, 2, 3) • HESX1 • HHEX • HLX • Homeobox (A1, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) • HOPX • MEIS (1, 2) • MEOX2 • MNX1 • MSX (1, 2) • NANOG • NKX (2-1, 2-5, 3-1) • PHF (3, 6, 10, 17) • POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: 1, 2, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7) • OTX (1, 2) • PDX1
(3.2) Paired box
PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • FOX proteins (C1, C2, E1, G1, H1, K2, L2, M1, N3, O1A, , O3A, O4, P1, P2, P3)
HSF (1, 2, 4)
(3.5) Tryptophan clusters
ELF (4, 5) • EGF • ELK (1, 3, 4) • ERF • ERG • ETS (1, 2) • ETV (1, 4, 5, 6) • FLI1 • Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • MYB • MYBL2
(3.6) TEA domain
transcriptional enhancer factor 1, 2
(4) β-Scaffold factors with
minor groove contacts
(4.1) Rel homology region
NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) • NFAT (C1, C2, C3, C4, 5)
(4.2) STAT
STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
(4.3) p53
(4.4) MADS box
Mef2 (A, B, C, D) • SRF
HNF (1A, 1B) • LEF1 • SOX (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18) • SRY • SSRP1
(4.10) Cold-shock domain
(4.11) Runt
(0) Other
transcription factors
(0.2) HMGI(Y)
HMGA (1, 2) • HBP1
Rb • RBL1 • RBL2
(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors
Apetala 2 • EREBP • B3
(0.6) Miscellaneous
ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) • CAP • IFI (16, 35) • MLL (2, 3, T1) • MNDA • NFI (A, B, C, X) • NFY (A, B, C) • Rho/Sigma • R-SMAD