Rancho Mission Viejo
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Rancho Mission Viejo (Rancho Misión Vieja) is a 23,000 acre (93 km²) cattle ranch and leased land operation in Southeast Orange County, California. The ranch's history can be traced back to 1845 when California land baron "Don Juan" John Forster acquired Rancho La Paz and Mission San Juan Capistrano in what is now Orange County. Forster added these properties to Rancho Trabuco, which he had purchased in 1843. Forster's brother-in-law was Pío Pico, governor of then-Mexican-held California. In 1873, Forster added Rancho Santa Margarita y Las Flores to his holdings. Forster died in 1882.
In 1882, two Irish immigrants, Richard O'Neill Sr. and James Flood, acquired the ranch in a deal struck with a handshake. Flood and O'Neill became equal partners of the Rancho Santa Margarita y las Flores, Rancho Mission Viejo and Rancho Trabuco lands. Flood provided the money to purchase the ranches; and O'Neill, offering his skills as a cattleman as sweat equity, agreed to work out his half as resident manager. Under O'Neill, the cattle herd was upgraded and expanded, the land was improved, row crops were introduced, and the Ranch became home to Orange County's biggest wheat fields. In 1907, James L. Flood, son of the original owner, made good on his late father's promise and conveyed an undivided half interest to O'Neill, Sr. Four months later, declining health caused O'Neill to deed his interest to his son, Jerome. In 1923, the sons of Flood and O'Neill consolidated their partnership with the Santa Margarita Company. Shortly thereafter, both men died.
The Santa Margarita Co. was dissolved in 1939 when the ranch was split in two. Richard O'Neill Jr. retained the portion of the ranch located in Orange County (Ranchos Mission Viejo and Trabuco) and the Flood family took the Rancho Santa Margarita y las Flores property in San Diego County. In 1942, the U.S. Marine Corps acquired the entire San Diego portion of 123,620 acres (500 km²) for $4,239,062 to expand Camp Pendleton. After the war, what remained of the historic Ranch now encompassed two Orange County parcels, united under the name Rancho Mission Viejo, and totaling 52,000 acres (210 km²).
O'Neill died in 1943 and his widow, Marguerite, led the family and kept the family business intact. In June 1950, with the establishment of 278-acre O'Neill Regional Park, the O'Neill family made the first of its many open space dedications to the people of Orange County. With respect for the ranch land and pride in its heritage, the O'Neill family has since dedicated more than 9,000 acres (36 km²) of open space to Orange County.
In 1963, the O'Neill family and its partners established The Mission Viejo Company and embarked on its first residential development, the 11,000 acre (45 km²) planned community of Mission Viejo. Marguerite's grandson, Anthony "Tony" Moiso, newly graduated from college and fresh out of the U.S. Army, took over operations. In 1972, when Mission Viejo Co. and its remaining undeveloped area in Mission Viejo were sold, Moiso began managing the remaining 40,000 acres (162 km²) of Rancho Mission Viejo.
Since that time, Moiso and his uncle, Richard O'Neill, have preserved more than 20,000 acres (81 km²) of open space and moved forward with additional development of the former Rancho. Rancho Mission Viejo is still a working ranch with 600 head of cattle and has more than 500 acres (2 km²) of citrus trees, as well as crops of avocados, beans and barley.
Rancho Mission Viejo is today home to four communities -- City of Mission Viejo, City of Rancho Santa Margarita, Las Flores, and Ladera Ranch -- all master planned communities. Additional development of remaining land was approved by Orange County in 2005, which will include 14,000 new homes, open space preservation and establishment of a regional park.
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