Raiden Tameemon
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| Personal information | ||
|---|---|---|
| Birth name | Seki Tarokichi | |
| Date of birth | January 1767 | |
| Place of birth | Tomi, Nagano, Japan | |
| Date of death | February 11, 1825 (aged 58) | |
| Height | 1.97 m (6 ft 6 in) | |
| Weight | 169 kg (370 lb/26.6 st) | |
| Career* | ||
| Heya | Urakaze, Isenoumi | |
| Record | 254-10-41 | |
| Debut | November 1790 | |
| Highest rank | Ozeki (March 1795) | |
| Retired | February 1811 | |
| Yusho | 28 (unofficial) | |
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* Career information is correct as of October 2007. |
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Raiden Tameemon (雷電爲右衞門), born Seki Tarokichi (January 1767 - February 11, 1825) is considered one of the greatest sumo wrestlers in history, although he was never formally promoted to Yokozuna.[1]
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[edit] Career
Raiden was born to a farming family in a village in rural Shinano province. He is said to have possessed great physical strength even in childhood. His father Hanemon, who enjoyed sumo as much as sake, allowed 14 year old Raiden to attend sumo classes at Nagaze (today called Murokocho), the neighbouring village. When Raiden was 17, the Urakaze-beya stablemaster noticed him when he came through the area while on jungyo with his wrestlers. He was especially impressed with the young man's physique, which was extraordinary at the time. Young Raiden was 1.97 metres tall, which was three headlengths taller than most of his contemporaries. He also had matching long arms and large hands; a handprint at the Shofukuji temple near Okayama, which is said to be of Raiden's hand, measures 24 cm (9.5") from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger. When Raiden trained as a wrestler, he developed a weight of 167 kg.
When Urakaze Kazuki invited him to Edo and started training him, it turned out that Raiden possessed not only the body of a giant (by 18th century Japanese standards), but also a talent for sumo wrestling. He was especially talented in oshi-sumo techniques and was able to move at a high speed considering his size. Soon Raiden left his stable and joined Isenoumi-beya, where yokzouna Tanikaze became his coach. In 1789, the shikona (wrestler name) "Raiden", which means "Thunder", appeared in a banzuke ranking, although Raiden did not have his debut until fall 1790. Raiden was ranked as a Sekiwake, as was common practice then. He won the basho (tournament) without a defeat. After Tanikaze's death, Raiden was promoted to Ozeki in March 1795 - a rank he retained for nearly 17 years. Between November 1793 and April 1800, Raiden won all tournaments he participated in, without leaving even one title to the other great fighters of his time, Tanikaze and Onogawa. After 1800, he remained dominant, and sumo officials even disallowed him to use his favourite techniques in order to keep his matches interesting.
Finally, in spring 1811, Raiden retired from sumo at the age of 43. He became chairman of the sumo association of Izumo province (located in today's Shimane prefecture), where his sponsor daimyo resided. In 1816, he moved to Edo and finished his diary Shokoku Sumo Hikae-cho ("journal of sumo in various regions"), which describes his time as an active wrestler since 1789.
After his death, he was buried in Akasaka in Edo. Two locks of his hair are buried in other graves which are located in his home village and in Matsue in Shimane.
[edit] Later life and role in sumo history
When Raiden was still an active wrestler, his home village's residents built monuments honoring his parents. Raiden himself contributed a sake barrel made of stone in memory of his father. Since his death, Raiden appeared not only as subject of a number of statues, but also on postage stamps and beer labels.
Of 35 tournaments he fought in during his career - there were only two basho a year at the time - Raiden was victorious in no fewer than 28. (It should be pointed out, however, that victories in tournaments taking place before 1909, when the current yusho system was established, are regarded as unofficial by the Japan Sumo Association). In seven of those, he won without suffering a single defeat or draw. In total, he achieved 254 victories and only ten defeats, a winning percentage of 96.2. His longest winning streaks were eleven consecutive tournaments or 44 bouts.
Despite this dominance, he never was promoted to Yokozuna, the highest title in sumo. The reason remains mystery in the history of sumo.
According to Masahiko Nomi's theory, 19th Yoshida Oikaze granted yokozuna licences to only two wrestlers, Tanikaze and Onogawa, but 20th Yoshida Oikaze attempted to defeat the Gojo family, which wanted to promote Kashiwado and Tamagaki to yokozuna, and so he awarded a yokozuna licence to Ōnomatsu Midorinosuke later.[2](Ōnomatsu was the first new yokozuan in 30 years.)
Another theory suggested that the reason for this can be found in the family history of his sponsor, Daimyo Matsudaira Harusato, who was a descendant of Yūki Hideyasu, a son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the other hand, the Yoshida family, who held the privilege of awarding the Yokozuna license, supported the Hosokawa clan, who had a history of supporting Ishida Mitsunari.
The Yokozuna rank did not count as an official rank on the banzuke until the beginning of the 20th century. In spite of his never having been officially promoted, Raiden's name has been added to the yokozuna memorial monument at the Fukagawa-Hachimangu shrine, Tokyo, in 1900.
[edit] Top division record
*2 tournaments were held yearly in this period, though the actual time they were held was often erratic
*Championships from this period were unofficial
*There was no fusensho system until May 1927
*All top division wrestlers were usually absent on the 10th day until 1909
| First | Second | |
|---|---|---|
| 1790 | x | West Sekiwake (8-0-2holds) |
| 1791 | West Sekiwake (6-1-2-1noresult) | West Sekiwake (8-0-1-1hold) |
| 1792 | Unenrolled | West Sekiwake (2-0-1) |
| 1793 | West Sekiwake (8-1) | West Sekiwake (8-0-1-1hold) |
| 1794 | West Komusubi (6-0-2-1draw-1hold) | West Sekiwake (8-0-1-1hold) |
| 1795 | West Ōzeki (5-0) | Unenrolled |
| 1796 | Unenrolled | West Ōzeki (9-0-1) |
| 1797 | West Ōzeki (8-1-1) | West Ōzeki (10-0) |
| 1798 | West Ōzeki (8-0-1-1noresult) | West Ōzeki (9-0-1) |
| 1799 | West Ōzeki (6-0-1) | West Ōzeki (9-0-1) |
| 1800 | Unenrolled | West Ōzeki (6-1-2-1hold) |
| 1801 | West Ōzeki (6-0-3-1hold) | Unenrolled |
| 1802 | Unenrolled | West Ōzeki (8-0-2) |
| 1803 | West Ōzeki (5-0-2hold) | West Ōzeki (9-0-1) |
| 1804 | Unenrolled | West Ōzeki (8-1-1) |
| 1805 | West Ōzeki (10-0) | West Ōzeki (9-1) |
| 1806 | West Ōzeki (3-1-1) | West Ōzeki (9-0-1hold) |
| 1807 | West Ōzeki (8-0-1-1hold) | West Ōzeki (8-0-1hold-1noresult) |
| 1808 | West Ōzeki (7-0-2-1noresult) | West Ōzeki (9-1) |
| 1809 | West Ōzeki (8-0-1-1hold) | West Ōzeki (7-1-2) |
| 1810 | West Ōzeki (9-0-1noresult) | West Ōzeki (7-1-1-1draw) |
| 1811 | retired | x |
- The wrestler's East/West designation, rank, and win/loss record are listed for each tournament.[3]
- A third figure in win-loss records represents matches sat-out during the tournament
| Green Box=Tournament Championship |
[edit] References
- ^ Kuroda, Joe (February 2006). Yokozuna Comparison (English). sumofanmag.com. Retrieved on 2007-06-25.
- ^ 雷電の謎・横綱の「制度化」 (Japanese). Atsuo Tsubota. Retrieved on 2008-05-28.
- ^ Raiden Tameemon Rikishi Information (English). Sumo Reference. Retrieved on 2008-05-27.
