Rafael Uribe Uribe
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Rafael Uribe Uribe (born April 12, 1859 in Valparaíso, Antioquia - died October 15, 1914 in Bogotá) was a Colombian lawyer, journalist, General in the Colombian military and later Liberal party rebel.[1]
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[edit] Early years
Rafael Uribe Uribe was born in the countryside of Valparaiso, in the Department of Antioquia on April 12, 1859. His mother educated at home and was reportedly a shy boy. In 1871 Uribe got into the University of Antioquia, back then a military school called (School of the State), educated him in the martial training. He also studied sporadicly in Buga where he also joined the Liberal rebels of Cauca during the Colombian Civil War of 1876 and was wounded in combat.[1]
In 1880 Uribe graduated from Our Lady of the Rosary University as a lawyer and the next year worked as Attorney General of Antioquia. He also became a Professor in Constitutional law and political economy.[1]
In 1885 Uribe participated in another civil war, in which he was involved in the execution of a subordinate for disobedience. The Conservatives in power absolved him.[1]
[edit] Thousand days war
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In 1895 Uribe Uribe participated in another civil war (1895), this time he was defeated in the Battle of La Tribuna by General Rafael Reyes. Uribe escaped through the Magdalena River and was later captured in the town of Mompox. He was imprisoned in the Cárcel de San Diego, Cartagena de Indias.[1]
Uribe was later pardoned and became later a Deputy to the the Chamber of Representative in which he became a critic of the Regeneration. The Regeneration advocated for centralism, the restriction of civil liberties and established an accord with the Roman Catholic church. The main promoters of this movement were President Rafael Nuñez (1880-1888) and Miguel Antonio Caro, (1892-1898).[1]
During this years he also founded a newspaper called El Autonomista ("The Autonomist") managing a publicity campaign against the conservative government and attacked members of his own party, most notably Aquileo Parra. Due to this radicalism, Uribe Uribe was then classified as one of the most radicals in the Liberal Party, participating also in the upraising of October 20, 1899 which triggered the Thousand Days War.[1]
[edit] Santader campaign
During the Santander military campaign between October 1899 and August 1900 Uribe commanded liberal forces in the Battle of Bucaramanga (November 13-14, 1899) where the Conservatives were defeated. He then organized a dimmed chaotic retreat to the city of Cúcuta, where he joined forces with Liberal Benjamín Herrera.[1]
On December 15, 1899, while en route to Ocaña his troops were ambushed at a location known as La Amarilla and initiating the Battle of Peralonso. The battle ended the next day with the triumph of Uribe-Uribe over the conservatives who retreated. Uribe-Uribe had attacked the bridge over the Peralonso River. For this actions he was deemed the "Hero of Peralonso".[1]
[edit] Capture of Conservative Higher Command
On February 2, 1900 Uribe Uribe's troops captured the Conservative Higher Command in a Hacienda named Teran. Between May 11 and May 15, 1900 he fought in the Battle of Pelonegro, commanding his own division. The conservatives led by Próspero Pinzón defeated the liberals.[1]
[edit] Peace advocacy
Between 1901 and 1902 Uribe Uribe alternated military activities with peace initiatives which were not taken into account by the then conservative government of José Manuel Marroquín. On June 12, 1902 the government then offered a pardon and the liberal rebels began to demobilize. Uribe surrendered in the Hacienda Neerlandia on October 24, 1902.[1]
[edit] In popular culture
One of the characters of the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, Colonel Aureliano Buendía, was based on Rafael Uribe Uribe. Gabriel García Márquez's grandfather was under his command against the conservative forces.
[edit] Death
Rafael Uribe Uribe died on October 26, 1914 agonizing after an October 15 beating, almost to death, by two workers named Jesús Carvajal and Leovigildo Galarza.[2]
