Quinisext Council
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| Council in Trullo (Quinisext Council) | |
| Date | 692 |
|---|---|
| Accepted by | Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Previous council | Third Council of Constantinople |
| Next council | Second Council of Nicaea |
| Convoked by | Emperor Justinian II |
| Presided by | Justinian II |
| Attendance | 215 (all Eastern) |
| Topics of discussion | discipline |
| Documents and statements | basis for Orthodox Canon law |
| Chronological list of Ecumenical councils | |
The Quinisext Council was a church council held in 692 at Constantinople under Justinian II. It is often known as the Council in Trullo, because it was held in the same domed hall where the Sixth Ecumenical Council had met. Both the Fifth and the Sixth Ecumenical Councils had omitted to draw up disciplinary canons, and as this council was intended to complete both in this respect, it took the name of Quinisext (Latin:Concilium Quinisextum, Koine Greek:Penthekte Synodos), i.e. the Fifth-Sixth Council. It was attended by 215 bishops, all from the Eastern Roman Empire. Basil of Gortyna in Illyria, however, belonged to the Roman patriarchate and called himself papal legate, though no evidence is extant of his right to use a title that in the East served to clothe the decrees with Roman (Western) authority. It is frequently claimed that the Western (Latin Rite) Church, including the Papacy, never recognized the 102 disciplinary canons of this council, however the whole of these canons were accepted and confirmed by Roman Pope Hadrian I.[1]
Many of the canons were reiterations of previously passed canons. However, most of the new canons exhibited an inimical attitude towards Churches not in disciplinary accord with Constantinople, especially the Western Churches. Their customs are anathematized and "every little detail of difference is remembered to be condemned" (Adrian Fortescue).
Among the practices of the Latin Church thus condemned were the practice of celebrating Masses on weekdays in Lent (rather than having Pre-Sanctified Liturgies); of fasting on Saturdays throughout the year; of omitting the "Alleluia" in Lent; of depicting Christ as a lamb; and the discipline of celibacy for all priests and deacons. This last merits further elaboration: not content merely to condemn the discipline of celibacy in the case of priests and deacons, the Council declared that anyone who tries to separate a priest or deacon from his wife is to be excommunicated. Likewise any cleric who leaves his wife because he is ordained is also to be excommunicated.
Pope Sergius I protested the council, and refused to sign the canons. At Sergius's refusal, Justinian dispatched a military delegation to Rome to induce Sergius to sign; the imperial army at Ravenna, however, composed mainly of native Italians, rallied to support the Roman Pontiff, marching on Rome. Meanwhile, in Visigothic Spain, the council was ratified by the Eighteenth Council of Toledo at the urging of the king, Wittiza, who was villified by later chroniclers for his decision.[2] Fruela I of Asturias reversed the decision of Toledo sometime during his reign (757–768).[2]
The Eastern Orthodox churches hold this council an ecumenical one, and adds its canons to the decrees of the Fifth and Sixth Councils. In the West, St. Bede calls it (De sexta mundi aetate) a "reprobate" synod, and Paul the Deacon an "erratic" one.[3] For the attitude of the Popes, substantially identical, in face of the various attempts to obtain their approval of these canons see Hefele.[4]
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.
- Collins, Roger. The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–97. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1989. ISBN 0 631 15923 1.
- Archbishop Peter L’Huillier: Quinisext Ecumenical Council
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Council in Trullo
- Council in Trullo in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
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