Queer horror
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Queer Horror is a subgenre of horror that focuses on characters relating to those that are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender. It may deal with characters who are coded as, or who are openly, GLBT, or it may deal with themes or plots that are specific to queer people. Depending on when it was made, it may contain open statements of sexuality, same-sex sexual imagery, or same-sex love or affection, or it may just include a sensibility or campiness that has special meaning to GLBT people, as well as key aspects of horror.[1]
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[edit] Overview
Queer Horror grew out of a combination of the horror fiction and romantic fiction. In turn, both of these areas developed from the Gothic Novel.[2]
Many of the earliest examples of Gothic literature were either created by queer authors or had same-sex attraction as subtext within them. One of the earliest works by Sheridan le Fanu is the vampire novella Carmilla printed in the collection In a Glass Darkly in 1872[3][4]. However, the lesbian vampire in Carmilla was adapted from an even earlier narrative poem entitled Christabel by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, in 1797 (and 1800).[5]
The first gay vampire story was published by one of the first modern gay rights pioneers, Karl Heinrich Ulrichs. In Matrosengeschichten (Sailor Stories) the story Manor describes a relationship between two young boys, one of whom is a vampire.[6][7]
Other early pioneers of the queer horror genre include John Polidori, Lord Byron, Henry James, Algernon Blackwood, Matthew Gregory Lewis and Oscar Wilde.
Books were generally controlled by larger publishers and this made it very difficult for gay authors to get their message out. Queer Horror got a boost with the advent of the pulp novel, a cheap way to manufacture paperback novels that became popularized during WWII. The war also provided another unanticipated side effect, many gay or lesbian military personnel were discharged when their same-sex desires were discovered. They were dropped off in the nearest port, and generally chose to stay there rather than go back home. This gave rise to gay ghettos, where GLBT folks began to learn that they weren't alone and began to reach out. The pulp novel gave them a good way to start. Three on a Broomstick by Don Holliday is the earliest example of the gay horror pulp [8].
The advent of the movie provided a new way to start reaching out to people and exploring new subject matter, and brought forth another wave of queers making horror, such as F.W. Murnau and James Whale. Unfortunately, the fear of the times caused society to enforce morality and censorship. In Hollywood this was seen with the start of the Production Code, which limited what was allowed to be seen onscreen. Amongst many other things, this included onscreen portrayals of homosexuality. While this prevented overt displays of homosexuality from being shown, films like Dracula's Daughter and The Haunting pushed the envelope by showing what they could, coding it so that other gays and lesbians could see it, but those that wanted to ignore it still could.[citation needed]
But the gay community had started to find its voice, and in 1969, the Stonewall Riots occurred, forcing America to accept that the modern queer was visible, and was not going to be ignored. This change in morality, along with declining movie sales due to the popularization of the television, began to loosen the Production Code, allowing gays to be seen on screen and eventually to tell their stories.
[edit] Bibliography
- Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
- Christabel 1819 (lesbian vampire poem)
- LeFanu, J. Sheridan
- Carmilla 1872 (lesbian vampire story)
- Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich
- Manor 1884 (gay vampire story)
- Wilde, Oscar
- The Picture of Dorian Gray 1890 (gay horror novel)
- Viereck, George Sylvester
- House of the Vampire 1907 (gay,bi male vampire novel)
- Jackson, Shirley
- The Haunting of Hill House 1959 (lesbian horror novel)
- Holliday, Don
- Three on a Broomstick 1967 (gay,bi male,trans vampire pulp)
- Lambert, William J.
- Valley of the Damned 1971 (gay werewolf pulp)
- Rice, Anne
- Interview with the Vampire 1976 (gay vampire novel)
- Strieber, Whitley
- The Hunger 1981 (bi female vampire novel)
- Rice, Anne
- The Vampire Lestat 1985 (gay vampire novel)
- König, Ralf
- Killer Condom (aka Kondom des Grauens) 1988 (gay monster graphic novel)
- Karol, Michael
- "Kiss Me, Kill Me" (2003 gay vampire novel, set in New York)
- Karol, Michael
- "Sleeps Well With Others" (2006 gay vampire novel, set in upper New York state; prequel to Kiss Me, Kill Me)
- McMahan, Jeffrey
- Somewhere in the Night 1989 (gay horror collection)
- Garber, Eric, Paleo, Lyn
- Uranian Worlds 1990 (GLBT horror/scifi bibliography)
- Emerson, Roger
- Silverwolf 1990 (gay werewolf pulp)
- Laws, Jay B.
- Steam 1991 (gay horror novel)
- McMahan, Jeffrey
- Vampires Anonymous 1991 (gay vampire novel)
- Cooke, John Peyton
- Out for Blood 1991 (gay vampire novel)
- Garber, Eric
- Embracing the Dark 1991 (gay,lesbian horror stories)
- Gomez, Jewelle
- The Gilda Stories 1991 (lesbian vampire novel)
- Keesey, Pam
- Daughters of Darkness: Lesbian Vampire Stories 1993 (lesbian vampire stories)
- Brite, Poppy Z.
- Lost Souls 1993 (gay,bi vampire novel)
- Keesey, Pam
- Dark Angels: Lesbian Vampire Stories 1995 (lesbian vampire stories)
- Keesey, Pam
- Women Who Run with the Werewolves 1996 (lesbian werewolf stories)
- Rowe, Michael, Roche, Thomas S.
- Sons of Darkness 1996 (gay vampire stories)
- Rowe, Michael, Roche, Thomas S.
- Brothers of the Night, Gay Vampire Stories 1997 (gay vampire stories)
- Rowe, Michael
- Queer Fear 2000 (gay horror stories)
- Griffith, Nicola, Pagel, Stephen
- Bending The Landscape : Horror 2001 (GLB horror stories)
- Jensen, Michael
- Firelands 2004 (gay monster novel)
- Veinglory, Emily
- Eclipse of the Heart 2004 (gay werewolf pulp)
Lewallen, Marc "To The Grave" (2005) (erotic gay vampire thriller)
[edit] Filmography
- Hillyer, Lambert
- Dracula's Daughter 1936 (lesbian vampire movie)
- Hitchcock, Alfred
- Rope 1948 (gay psycho-thriller movie)
- Hitchcock, Alfred
- Psycho 1960 (trans psycho-thriller movie)
- Vadim, Roger
- Blood and Roses 1961 (lesbian vampire movie)
- Wise, Robert
- The Haunting 1963 (lesbian ghost/horror movie)
- Polanski, Roman
- The Fearless Vampire Killers 1967 (gay vampire movie)
- Kümel, Harry
- Daughters of Darkness 1970 (lesbian/gay vampire movie)
- Baker, Roy Ward
- Vampire Lovers 1970 (lesbian vampire movie)
- Franco, Jesus
- Vampyros Lesbos 1971 (lesbian vampire movie)
- DeSimone, Tom
- Sons of Satan 1973 (gay vampire porn)
- Sharman, Jim
- Rocky Horror Picture Show 1975 (GLBT horror movie)
- Scott, Tony
- The Hunger 1983 (lesbian,bi female vampire movie)
- Hiltzik,Robert
- Sleepaway Camp 1983 (Trans,gay horror movie)
- Sholder, Jack
- A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge 1985 (gay horror movie)
- Dahlin, Bob
- Monster in the Closet 1986 (gay horror movie)
- Pirro, Mark
- Curse of the Queerwolf 1988 (gay, trans werewolf movie)
- Jones, Marvin
- Love Bites 1988 (gay vampire soft-core porn)
- Kids in the Hall
- (various) 1989 (gay vampire TV episodes)
- Friday the 13th: The Series
- Night Prey 1989 (bi female vampire episode)
- Beaumont, Gabrielle
- Carmilla 1990 (lesbian vampire movie)
- Demme, Jonathan
- The Silence of the Lambs 1991 (gay, trans psycho-thriller movie)
- Verhoeven, Paul
- Basic Instinct 1992 (bi thriller movie)
- Jordan, Neil
- Interview with the Vampire 1994 (gay vampire movie)
- Cannon, Ross
- Ultimate Reality 1996 (gay horror porn)
- Walz, Martin
- Killer Condom 1996 (gay horror movie)
- Coppel, Ann
- Crocodile Tears 1996 (gay demon movie)
- Whedon, Joss
- Buffy - the Vampire Slayer (the Series) 1997-2003 (GLBT vampire TV show)
- Huckert, John
- Hard 1998 (gay,bi thriller movie)
- Gould, Will
- The Wolves of Kromer 1999 (gay werewolf movie)
- Poirier, Bob
- Traditional Family Vampires 2000 (gay vampire short)
- Grannell, Joshua ( Peaches Christ )
- Peaches Christ & her Tran-ilogy of Terror (Drag Horror Trilogy)
- Season of the Troll 2001 (drag horror short)
- A Nightmare On Castro Street 2002 (drag horror short)
- Whatever Happened To Peaches Christ? 2004 (drag horror short)
- Aja, Alexandre
- Haute tension 2003 (lesbian horror movie)
- West, Wash
- The Hole 2003 (gay horror porn)
- Liebenberg,Wilhelm
- Eternal 2004 (lesbian, bi vampire)
- Etheredge-Ouzts, Paul
- Hellbent 2004 (gay, bi horror movie)
- Irvin, Sam
- Dante's Cove 2005 (GLB horror TV series)
- Gildark, Daniel
- Cthulhu 2007
- Slaughter, T.S.
- Skull & Bones 2007
- LaBruce, Bruce
- Otto; or Up with Dead People 2008 (Gay-themed zombie film)
[edit] Awards
- The Queer Horror Awards were created to honor works that involve significant, and generally positive, portrayal of gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender characters, issues or themes within the area of horror.
- The Lambda Literary Award includes an award for Science Fiction/Fantasy/Horror
- The Gaylactic Spectrum Awards honor works in science fiction, fantasy and horror which include positive explorations of gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered characters, themes, or issues.
[edit] References
- ^ "Queer Horror - Why We Like it!", http://www.queerhorror.com/articles/why.html
- ^ See Gothic Novel
- ^ See Gothic Novel
- ^ "Carmilla." In a Glass Darkly. Ed. LeFanu, J[oseph] Sheridan. London: R. Bentley & son, 1872.
- ^ LeFanu, J[oseph] Sheridan. "Carmilla." Daughters of Darkness: Lesbian Vampire Stories. Ed. Keesey, Pam. Pittsburgh, PA: Cleis Press, 1993.
- ^ Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich. "Manor." Sailors' Tales (Matrosengeschichten). Ed. Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich, 1884.
- ^ Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich. "Manor." Embracing the Dark. Ed. Garber, Eric. Boston, Mass.: Alyson Publications, 1991.
- ^ "Three on a Broomstick" by Don Holliday, http://www.queerhorror.com/misc/items/245.html
[edit] See also
- Gay science fiction
- Gaylaxicon
- Gay pulp fiction
- Lesbian pulp fiction
- LGBT literature
- LGBT culture
- LGBT-related films
- LGBT-related television programs
- Lesbian vampire
[edit] External links
- QueerHorror - a website exploring GLBT folks and the horror genre
- Unspeakable Horror - an online community devoted to Queer Horror
- Gaylaxicon - an annual Science Fiction convention
- GLBT Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature - A Web Directory
- GLBT Science Fiction and Fantasy Resources
- Wavelengths Online - a review journal for science fiction, fantasy, and horror of special interest to gays, lesbians, bisexuals, transgendered people and their friends