Quantitative easing
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Quantitative easing was a tool of monetary policy that the Bank of Japan used to fight deflation in the early 2000s.
The BOJ had been maintaining short-term interest rates at close to their minimum attainable zero values since 1999. More recently, the BOJ has also been flooding commercial banks with excess liquidity to promote private lending, leaving commercial banks with large stocks of excess reserves, and therefore little risk of a liquidity shortage.[1]