User:Qang/Ilya

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Letter Name Meaning Transliteration Corresponding letter in
Hebrew Arabic Greek Latin Cyrillic
Aleph ʼāleph ox  ? א Αα Aa Аа
Beth bēth house b ב Ββ Bb Бб, Вв
Gimel gīmel camel g ג Γγ Cc, Gg Гг
Daleth dāleth door d ד Δδ Dd Дд
He window h ה Εε Ee Ее, Єє
Waw wāw hook w / u ו (Ϝϝ), Υυ Ff, Uu, Vv, Ww, Yy Уу
Zayin zayin weapon z ז Ζζ Zz Зз
Heth ḥēth fence x / X ח Ηη Hh Ии
Teth ṭēth wheel t` ט Θθ Фф
Yodh yōdh arm i / j י Ιι Ii, Jj Іі
Kaph kaph palm k כ Κκ Kk Кк
Lamedh lāmedh goad l ל Λλ Ll Лл
Mem mēm water m מ Μμ Mm Мм
Nun nun fish n נ Νν Nn Нн
Samekh sāmekh fish s ס س Ξξ, Χχ Xx Хх
Ayin ʿayin eye  ?\ ע Οο Oo Оо
Pe mouth p / f פ Ππ Pp Пп
Sade ṣādē papyrus plant s` צ (Ϡϡ) Цц, Чч
Qoph qōph monkey q ק (Ϙϙ) Qq
Res rēš head r ר Ρρ Rr Рр
Sin šin tooth S ש ش Σσ Ss Сс, Шш
Taw tāw mark t ת Ττ Tt Тт

[edit] chart 2

nr. Proto-Canaanite IPA value Ugaritic Phoenician Hebrew Arabic other descendants
1 ʼalp "ox" /ʔ/ 1 𐎀 ʼalpa Aleph ʼālep א Α A А
2 bet "house" /b/ 2 𐎁 beta Beth bēt ב Β B В-Б
3 gaml "throwstick" /g/ 3 𐎂 gamla Gimel gīmel ג Γ C-G Г
4 dalet "door" / digg "fish" /d/ 4 𐎄 delta Daleth dālet ד Δ D Д
5 haw "window" / hll "jubilation" /h/ 5 𐎅 ho He ה هـ Ε E Е-Є
6 wāw "hook" /β/ 6 𐎆 wo Waw wāw ו و Ϝ-Υ F-V-Y У
7 zen "weapon" / ziqq "manacle" /z/ 7 𐎇 zeta Zayin zayin ז ز Ζ Z З
8 ḥet "thread" / "fence"? /ħ/ / /x/ 8 𐎈 ḥota Heth ḥēt ח ح Η H И
9 ṭēt "wheel" /tˁ/ 9 𐎉 ṭet Teth ṭēt ט ط Θ Ѳ
10 yad "arm" /j/ 10 𐎊 yod Yodh yōd י ي Ι I
11 kap "hand" /k/ 20 𐎋 kap Kaph kap כ ك Κ K К
12 lamd "goad" /l/ 30 𐎍 lamda Lamedh lāmed ל ل Λ L Л
13 mem "water" /m/ 40 𐎎 mem Mem mēm מ م Μ M М
14 naḥš "snake" / nun "fish" /n/ 50 𐎐 nun Nun nun נ ن Ν N Н
15 samek "support" / "fish" ? /s/ 60 𐎒 samka Samek sāmek ס - Ξ
16 ʻen "eye" /ʕ/ 70 𐎓 ʻain Ayin ʻayin ע ع Ο O О
17 pu "mouth" / piʼt "corner" /p/ 80 𐎔 pu Pe פ ف Π P П
18 ṣad "plant" /sˁ/ 90 𐎕 ṣade Sade ṣādē צ ص Ϡ
19 qup "cord"? /kˁ/ 100 𐎖 qopa Qoph qōph ק ق Ϙ Q Ҁ
20 raʼs "head" /r/ / /ɾ/ 200 𐎗 raša Res rēš ר ر Ρ R Р
21 šin "tooth" / šimš "sun" /ʃ/ 300 𐎌 šin Sin šin ש س Σ S Ш
22 taw "mark" /t/ 400 𐎚 to Taw tāw ת ت Τ T Т

[edit] Chart 3

Proto-Semitic Akkadian Arabic Phoenician Hebrew Modern Hebrew Aramaic Ge'ez Modern South Arabian
b b ب b b ב /b /v/, /b/ ב /b b /b/
p p ف f p פ /p /f/, /p/ פ /p f /f/
[ð] z ذ [ð] z ז z /z/ ד /d z /ð/
[θ] š ث [θ] š שׁ š /ʃ/ ת /t s /θ/
ṯ̣ [θʼ] ظ [ðˁ] ṣ צ /ts/ ט /θˁ/
d d د d d ד /d /d/ ד /d d /d/
t t ت t t ת /t /t/ ת /t t /t/
[tˁ] ط [tˁ] ט /t/ ט /tˁ/
š [ʃ] š س s š שׁ š /ʃ/ שׁ š s /ʃ/, /h/
z z ز z z ז z /z/ ז z z /z/
s s س s s ס s /s/ ס s s /s/
[sˁ] ص [sˁ] צ /ts/ צ /sˁ/
l l ل l l ל l /l/ ל l l /l/
ś [ɬ] š ش š [ʃ] š שׂ s /s/ שׂ s ś /ɬ/
ṣ́ [ɬˁ] ض [ɮˁ]→[dˁ] צ /ts/ ע ʻ ṣ́ /ɬˁ/
g [ɡ] g ج ǧ [ɡʲ]→[ʤ] g ג /g /ɡ/ ג /g g /ɡ/
k k ك k k כ /k /χ/, /k/ כ /k k /k/
[kˁ] q ق q q q ק q /k/ ק q /q/
ġ [ɣ] - غ ġ [ɣ] ʻ ע ʻ /ʔ/, - ע ʻ ʻ /ɣ/
[x] خ [x] ח /χ/ ח /x/
ʻ [ʕ] - ع ʻ [ʕ] ʻ ע ʻ /ʔ/, - ע ʻ ʻ /ʕ/
[ħ] - ح [ħ] ḥ ח /χ/ ח /ħ/
ʼ [ʔ] - ء ʼ [ʔ] ʼ א ʼ /ʔ/, - א ʼ ʼ /ʔ/
h - ه h h ה h /h/, - ה h h /h/
m m م m m מ m /m/ מ m m /m/
n n ن n n נ n /n/ נ
ר
n
r
n /n/
r r ر r r ר r /ʁ/ ר r r /r/
w w و w
w
y
ו
י
w
y
/v/
/j/
ו
י
w
y
w /w/
y [j] y ي y [j] y י y /j/ י y y /j/
Proto-Semitic Akkadian Arabic Phoenician Hebrew Modern Hebrew Aramaic Ge'ez Modern South Arabian