Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)

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In enzymology, a pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) (EC 1.2.4.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

pyruvate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO₂

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are pyruvate and [[[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine]], whereas its 3 products are [[[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase]]], S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine, and CO₂.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with a disulfide as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyruvate:[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase]-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-acetylating). Other names in common use include MtPDC (mitochondrial pyruvate dehydogenase complex), pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate:lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and, acceptor-acetylating), pyruvic acid dehydrogenase, and pyruvic dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in 5 metabolic pathways: glycolysis / gluconeogenesis, alanine and aspartate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, and butanoate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, thiamin diphosphate.

Contents 1 Structural studies 2 References 3 External links 3.1 Gene Ontology (GO) codes

[edit] Structural studies

As of late 2007, 12 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1L8A, 1NI4, 1RP7, 1W85, 1W88, 2G25, 2G28, 2G67, 2IEA, 2OZL, 2QTA, and 2QTC.

[edit] References

• IUBMB entry for 1.2.4.1
• BRENDA references for 1.2.4.1 (Recommended.)
• PubMed references for 1.2.4.1
• PubMed Central references for 1.2.4.1
• Google Scholar references for 1.2.4.1
• OCHOA S (1954). "Enzymic mechanisms in the citric acid cycle". Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Subj. Biochem. 15: 183–270. PMID 13158180. 
• Scriba P and Holzer H (1961). "Gewinnung von alphaHydroxyathyl-2-thiaminpyrophosphat mit Pyruvatoxydase aus Schweineherzmuskel". Biochem. Z. 334: 473–486. 
• Perham RN (2000). "Swinging arms and swinging domains in multifunctional enzymes: catalytic machines for multistep reactions". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69: 961–1004. PMID 10966480. 

[edit] External links

The CAS registry number for this enzyme class is 9014-20-4.

• IUBMB entry for 1.2.4.1

• KEGG entry for 1.2.4.1

• BRENDA entry for 1.2.4.1

• NiceZyme view of 1.2.4.1

• EC2PDB: PDB structures for 1.2.4.1

• PRIAM entry for 1.2.4.1

• PUMA2 entry for 1.2.4.1

• IntEnz: Integrated Enzyme entry for 1.2.4.1

• MetaCyc entry for 1.2.4.1

• Atomic-resolution structures of enzymes belonging to this class

[edit] Gene Ontology (GO) codes

• EGO entry for GO code 0004739: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)

• AMIGO entry for GO code 0004739: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)