Pyrenophora teres
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| Pyrenophora teres | ||||||||||||||
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| Pyrenophora teres Drechs. |
Pyrenophora teres is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen of some plant species, the most significant of which are economically important agricultural crops such as barley.
[edit] Dispersal and spread
The spores of P. teres are usually carried by wind. Growth of the organism on a host plant causes symptoms including necrosis, senescence and eventually cell death. In countries like Australia, damage from Pyrenophora can have serious economic consequences and reduce farm yields by up to 50%. Host tissue is obtained by penetration of the cell with an appressorium, a bulbous formation produced by the fungus that allows the uptake of nutrients.
[edit] Role of reactive oxygen species
During plant-fungal interactions involving Pyrenophora, resistant and susceptible varieties of barley display differential levels of reactive oxygen species production. This implicates ROS as having a central role in plant resistance, along with their regulators, known as ROS scavengers
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[edit] Research articles
Ali-Haimoud, E.; M. Mostafa, G. Barrault, L. Albertini. (1993). "Evaluation of organisms antagonistic to the sclerotioid organs of Drechslear teres, the causal agent of barley net blotch". Plant Dis. 77: 1251–1255.
Brown, M.P.; B.J. Steffenson, R.K. Webster (1993). "Host range of Pyrenophora teres f. teres isolates from California". Plant Dis. 77: 942–947.
Delserone, L.M.; H. Cole, Jr. (1987). "Effects of planting date on development of net blotch epidemics in winter barley in Pennsylvania". Plant Dis. 71: 438–441. doi:.
Douiyssi, A.; D.C. Rasmusson, R.D. Wilcoxson (1996). "Inheritance of resistance to net blotch in barley in Morocco". Plant Dis. 80: 1269–1272.
Douiyssi, A.; D.C. Rasmusson, A.P. Roelfs (1998). "Responses of barley cultivars and lines to isolates of Pyrenophora teres". Plant Dis. 82: 316–321. doi:.
Gupta, S.; R. Loughman (2001). "Current virulence of Pyrenophora teres on barley in Western Australia". Plant Dis. 85: 960–966. doi:.
Harrabi, Moncef; A. Kamel (1990). "Virulence spectrum to barley in some isolates of Pyrenophora teres from the Mediterranean region". Plant Dis. 74: 230–232. doi:.
Kingsland, G.C. (1991). "Spot lesion of barley net blotch disease caused by Drechslera teres f. sp. maculata observed in South Carolina". Plant Dis. 75: 537.
Lyngs Jørgensen, H.J.; H. Andresen, V. Smedegaard-Petersen. (1996). "Control of Drechslera teres and other barley pathogens by preinoculation with Bipolaris maydis and Septoria nodourm". Phytopathology 86: 602–607. doi:.
Lyngs Jørgensen, H.J.; P.S. Lübeck, H. Thordal-Christensen, E. de Neergaard, V. Smedegaard-Petersen (1998). "Mechanisms of induced resistance in barley against Drechslera teres". Phytopathology 88: 698–707. doi:.
Martin, R.A. (1985). "Disease progression and yield loss in barley associated with net blotch, as influenced by fungicide seed treatment". CJPP 1985: 83–90.
Martin, R.A.; K.S. Clough (1984). "Relationship of airborne spore load of Pyrenophora teres and weather variables to net blotch development on barley". CJPP 6: 105–110.
Martin, R.A.; K.S. Clough, H.W. Johnston (1984). "Vertical and horizontal distribution of conidia of Pyrenophora teres in barley fields". CJPP 6: 280–282.
Peever, T.L.; M.G. Milgroom (1993). "Genetic correlations in resistance to sterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides in Pyrenophora teres". Phytopathology 83: 1076–1082. doi:.
Peever, T.L.; M.G. Milgroom (1994). "Lack of correlation between fitness and resistance to sterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides in Pyrenophora teres". Phytopathology 84: 515–519. doi:.
Pereyra, S.A.; S.E. Germán (2004). "First report of spot type of barley net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres f. sp. maculata in Uruguay". Plant Dis. 88: 1162.
Ruiz-Roldán, C.M.; F.J. Maier, W. Schäfer (2000). "PTK1, a mitogen-activated-protein kinase gene, is required for conidiation, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity of Pyrenophora teres on barley". MPMI 14: 116–125.
Steffenson, B.J.; R.K. Webster, L.F. Jackson (1991). "Reduction in yield loss using incomplete resistance to Pyrenophora teres f. teres in barley". Plant Dis. 75: 96–100.
Tekauz, A. (1985). "A numerical scale to classify reactions of barley to Pyrenophora teres". CJPP 7: 181–183.
Tekauz, A. (1986). "Effect of plant age and leaf position on the reaction of barley to Pyrenophora teres". CJPP 8: 380–386.
Tekauz, A. (1990). "Characterization and distribution of pathogenic variation in Pyrenophora teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata from western Canada". CJPP 12: 141–148. Toubia-Rahme, H.; D.-E. Ali-Haimoud, G. Barrault, L. Albertini (1995). "Inhibition of Drechslera teres sclerotioid formation in barley straw by application of glyphosate or paraquat". Plant Dis. 79: 595–598.
van den Berg, C.G.J.; van den Berg (1990). "Effects of temperature and leaf wetness period on conidium germination and infection of barley by Pyrenopphora teres". CJPP 12: 263–266.
Weiland, J.J.; B.J. Steffenson, R.D. Cartwright, R. D., R.K. Webster (1999). "Identification of molecular genetic markers in Pyrenophora teres f. teres associated with low virulence on ‘Harbin’ barley.". Phytopathology 86: 176–181.
Wilcoxson, R.D.; D.C. Rasmusson, L.M. Treeful, T. Suganda (1992). "Inheritance of resistance to Pyrenophora teres in Minnesota barley". Plant Dis. 76: 367–369.
Xi, K.; P.A. Burnett, T.K. Turkington, A. Tekauz, J.H. Helm (1999). "Determining quantitative resistance of barley cultivars at the seedling stage to net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres". CJPP 21: 284–290.
