PunkBuster

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PunkBuster

Design by	Tony Ray
Developed by	Even Balance, Inc
Initial release	2000
Development status	Active
Genre	Anti-cheat software
Website	evenbalance.com

PunkBuster is a computer program published by Even Balance, Inc. Its purpose is to prevent cheating in online games by banning players.

It has been deployed in several popular multiplayer online games, including the Battlefield series, America's Army, Crysis, F.E.A.R., Call of Duty series, Quake III Arena, War Rock, among many more.

1 History
- 1.1 PunkBuster in MMORPGs
2 Features
- 2.1 Published features
- 2.2 Unpublished features
3 Incompatibilities
4 Enforcement
- 4.1 Hardware bans
- 4.2 Attacks on PunkBuster
5 Games which use PunkBuster
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

[edit] History

Tony Ray founded Even Balance to develop PunkBuster after his experience with cheaters on Team Fortress.^[1]

The first beta of PunkBuster was announced on September 21, 2000 for Half-Life. Valve Software was at the time fighting a hard battle against cheating, which had been going on since the release of the game. The first game in which PunkBuster was integrated was id Software's Return to Castle Wolfenstein.

[edit] PunkBuster in MMORPGs

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On June 18 to 19 of 2006, the MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Roleplaying Game) Ultima Online announced that it was testing PunkBuster for use in that game. Ultima Online at this time had been plagued with cheating and exploiting on a massive scale for some time, especially with player vs. player (PvP) combat and resource gathering.^[2] In regards to how bannings would be handled, Tony Ray, founder of PunkBuster, stated in an interview "we plan to leave all banning decisions to the UO team. For Ultima Online, PunkBuster is currently designed to report what it finds to the GMs and it is up to the UO team to enforce their own policies. At least in the beginning, players who are Hardware banned for hacking PunkBuster in some other game will not be Hardware banned in UO".^[3]

As of 1 September 2006, developers from Ultima Online's publisher, Electronic Arts, estimate that public testing of PunkBuster would begin in late September, 2006.^[4]

In November 2006 it was announced that PunkBuster integration into UO is put on hold indefinitely for the moment since the team would rather concentrate on "internal fixes and security improvements" in the client code. ^[5]

[edit] Features

[edit] Published features

Real-time scanning of memory, a feature also prominent in many spyware programs, by PunkBuster Client on players' computers searching for known hacks/cheats using a built-in database.
Throttled two-tiered background auto-update system using multiple Internet Master Servers to provide end-user security ensuring that no false or corrupted updates can be installed on players' computers.
Frequent status reports (encrypted) are sent to the PunkBuster Server by all players. When necessary, the PunkBuster Server raises a violation which (depending upon settings) will cause the offending player to be removed from the game and all other players to be informed of the violation.
PunkBuster Admins can also manually remove players from the game for a specified number of minutes or permanently ban if desired.
PunkBuster Servers can optionally be configured to randomly check player settings looking for known exploits of the game engine.
PunkBuster Servers can be configured to instruct clients to calculate partial MD5 hashes of files inside the game installation directory. The results are compared against a set configuration and differences logged, and optionally, the client removed from the server.
PunkBuster Admins can request actual screenshot samples from specific players and/or can configure the PB Server to randomly grab screenshot samples from players during gameplay.
An optional "bad name" facility is provided so that PunkBuster Admins can prevent players from using offensive player names containing unwanted profanity or racial slurs.
Search functions are provided for PunkBuster Admins who wish to search player's keybindings and scripts for anything that may be known to exploit the game.
The PunkBuster Player Power facility can be configured to allow players to self-administer game servers when the Server Administrator is not present entirely without the need for passwords, in which the players can call votes to have a player removed from the server for a certain amount of time.
PunkBuster Servers have an optional built-in mini HTTP web server interface that allows the game server to be remotely administered via a web browser from anywhere over the Internet.
PunkBuster Admins can stream their server logs in real time to another location. Non-profit organizations like Anti-Cheat Inc., Airdale Ops Network , PunksBusted , PBBans and AASA are examples of groups that use this feature to create shared banlists for their members.
PunkBuster has initiated Punkbuster Hardware Bans, that bans hardware components upon detection of cheats that disrupts or circumvents PunkBuster's normal operation.

[edit] Unpublished features

PunkBuster scans for unknown exports (APIs) in sensitive software such as graphics libraries. Upon finding an undocumented export a violation is raised and the client removed from the game.^{[citation needed]}
PunkBuster does not allow Windows users without administrative accounts to connect to any games. Upon connecting to a game, the user will be immediately kicked for having insufficient OS privileges. Starting with PB client v1.700, administrative rights are no longer required with the introduction of 2 new Windows services and a driver.(FAQ).

[edit] Incompatibilities

People using overclocking or tweaking programs have complained of instabilities with PunkBuster. For example, both ATI Tool and Rivatuner have incompatibilities. However in newer versions of Rivatuner there is an optional countermeasure.^{[citation needed]}

On November 2004 PunkBuster caused players with the latest ATi drivers to hang in-game and the only solution was to downgrade.^[6]

Some games (like Crysis) do not have a 64-bit version of PunkBuster. For this reason, 64 bit clients will not be able to play in PunkBuster enabled servers.

[edit] Enforcement

[edit] Hardware bans

As of June 30, 2004, Even Balance has incorporated the usage of unique hardware identifiers to permanently ban players from all PunkBuster enabled servers who raise a violation that corresponds to hacking or interfering with PunkBuster's normal operation and therefore violating the EULA.

Even Balance uses multiple private one-way hashes so that no serial number information for individual computers can be determined by admins or anyone else who may try to obtain this information from a hardware GUID.

PunkBuster only gives a hardware ban if memory scans show that a cheat that is known to circumvent or disrupt PunkBuster's normal operation or its facilities is activated.

As with previous PunkBuster GUID global bans, the new hardware GUID bans are permanent and will not be lifted. Even Balance has not disclosed which hardware parts are used to ban players, but trial and error has shown that the hardware GUID is based on the serial numbers of all available hard drives and the MAC addresses (which can be changed with a simple fix in the Windows registry) of all available network interfaces.

According to their EULA, Even Balance has the final say in matters of banning.

False positives have been alleged. A well known gamer under the handle eDiT'Lio was banned by PunkBuster during an ETTV International match between Belgium and Sweden.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Attacks on PunkBuster

Being a security system of sorts, PunkBuster is a target for attacks. As PunkBuster is frequently updated (using an auto-update feature) cheats are blacklisted shortly after being reported. While it is possible to create a new program, following the PunkBuster protocol that always reports that everything is as it should be, the frequent updates are a deterrent; such a program would quickly become outdated. So far there have not been any successful large-scale attacks on the system.

Cheats are usually written by individuals with some knowledge of programming; however, in recent days cheat writers have organized private, limited membership-based cheating organizations. These groups usually offer a private cheat for their members. Such private cheats are usually touted as not being detected by PunkBuster and/or the Valve Anti-Cheat system, which is the official anticheat for GoldSrc, Source, and Unreal Engine 2 powered games on Steam. Since both anticheats usually search for known cheat programs as opposed to relying on a more heuristic approach, a copy of the cheat is usually needed before an update to detect it can be made. Therefore, the private nature of these cheat organizations makes for a harder-to-beat situation.

In addition, PunkBuster incorporates a system called global banning. Either the GUID (generated from the CD key^{[citation needed]}) or parts of the computer hardware are banned from PunkBuster enabled servers. Most cheats simply will get a detection, but cheats that interfere with PunkBuster's software could get a global GUID ban. This will disallow access to PunkBuster enabled servers for that particular game. Cheats which are even more interfering could end up being the user banned from all PunkBuster enabled games by a hardware ban.

On March 23, 2008, attackers published and implemented a proof of concept exploit of PunkBuster's indiscriminate memory scanning. Because PunkBuster scans all of a machine's physical memory, malicious users were able to cause mass false positives by transmitting text fragments from known cheat programs onto a high population IRC channel. When PunkBuster detected the text within users' IRC client text buffers, the users were banned.^[7] On March 25, 2008, Even Balance confirmed the existence of this exploit, and advised users not to run any other programs at the same time as PunkBuster protected games.^[8]