Portal:Punjab
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The region of Punjab has had a long history which comprises of ethnic fusions and various civilizations and empires. The Indus Valley Civilization was based in regions of Punjab and Sindh. This was followed by Vedic Civilization, Indo-Greek kingdoms and other native civilizations like the Mauryan Empire and the Gupta Empire. For much of Punjab's middle ages, it was conquered by Muslim invaders as part of Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent. The Mughal Empire, which established itself in India, tried to conquer Punjab many times, but it defended itself under the rule of the Sikh Confederacy. It was the last region to fall into British hands when they established the British Raj in British India.
Punjab was a major centre of the Indian independence movement, but it was divided on religious lines in 1947 to Pakistani Punjab and Indian Punjab. The remainder of their histories has been separated but has sometimes been brought together in the Indo-Pakistani wars, particularly that of 1971. Indian Punjab was later split into Punjab, Haryana and the Union Territory of Chandigarh on the basis of language. Punjab bears considerable influence in both regions, with numerous political figures being Punjabi in ethnicity, including the current Indian prime minister, Manmohan Singh.
Bhagat Singh (Punjabi: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ) (September 28, 1907–March 23, 1931) was an Indian freedom fighter, considered to be one of the most famous revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. For this reason, he is often referred to as Shaheed Bhagat Singh (the word shaheed means "martyr"). He is also believed by many to be one of the earliest Marxists in India and has been labeled so by the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was one of the leaders and founders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
Born to a family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against the British Raj in India, Bhagat Singh, as a teenager, began approaching the socialist way of thought and became involved in numerous revolutionary organizations. He quickly rose in the ranks of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and became one of its leaders, converting it to the HSRA. Singh gained support when he underwent a 63 day fast in jail, demanding equal rights for Indian and British political prisoners. He was hanged for shooting a police officer in response to the killing of veteran social activist Lala Lajpat Rai. His legacy prompted youth in India to begin fighting for Indian independence and also increased the rise of socialism in India. (more...)
A prominent Sikh Spiritual Leader Bhai Mohinder Singh
Dr. Singh is an economist by profession, and has formerly served in the International Monetary Fund. His economics education included an undergraduate (1952) and a master's degree (1954) from Panjab University, Chandigarh; an undergraduate degree (1957) from Cambridge University (St. John's College); and a doctorate (1962) from Oxford University (Nuffield College). (Cambridge University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree in June 2005.) He is the most educated Indian Prime Minister in history.[2] Singh is also known to be an unassuming politician, enjoying a formidable, highly respected and admired image.[3] Due to his work at the UN, International Monetary Fund and other international bodies, he is very highly respected around the world. He was awarded the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 2002. Before becoming prime minister, he served as the finance minister under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao. He is widely credited for transforming the economy in the early 90s, during the financial crisis. He served as leader of the opposition, in the Upper house, from 1998 - 2004 when the Bharatiya Janata Party led coalition government was in office.
References
Portal:Punjab/Did you know/1
Events – Indian independence movement
Date of news – Short information for news. (Source: The Statesman 23 February 2007)
Geography: More...
History: History of Punjab | Sikh Confederacy | Islamic invasion of India | More...
Districts and cities: Category:Districts of Punjab (India) | Category:Districts of Punjab (Pakistan) | Chandigarh | Lahore
Economy & Politics: Government of Punjab | Chief Ministers | Political parties
Culture: Punjabi language | Punjabi culture | Punjabi cuisine
People: Manmohan Singh | Suniel Shetty | Bhagat Singh | More...
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