Pulasan
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| Nephelium mutabile Blume |
Pulasan (Nephelium mutabile Blume)
Common Names English: pulasan Malay: pulasan or kapulasan Spanish: pulasán Tagalog (Philippines): bulala Thailand: ngoh-khonsan
The pulasan, Nephelium mutabile Blume (family Sapindaceae), is closely allied to the rambutan and sometimes confused with it. In the Philippines it is mostly known as bulala. Usually eaten fresh, it is a delicious tropical fruit, sweeter than the rambutan and lychee, but very rare outside of Southeast Asia.
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[edit] Description
The pulasan tree is a handsome ornamental; attains 10-15 m; has a short trunk to 30-40 cm thick; and the branchlets are brown-hairy when young. The alternate leaves, pinnate or odd-pinnate, and 17-45 cm long, have 2 to 5 pairs of opposite or nearly opposite leaflets, oblong-or elliptic-lanceolate, 6.25-17.5 cm long and up to 5 cm wide; slightly wavy, dark-green and barely glossy on the upper surface; pale, somewhat bluish, with a few short, silky hairs on the underside. Very small, greenish, petalless flowers with 4-5 hairy sepals, are borne singly or in clusters on the branches of the erect, axillary or terminal, panicles clothed with fine yellowish or brownish hairs.
The pulasan is ultra-tropical and thrives only in very humid regions between 360 and 1,150 ft (110-350 in) of altitude. In Malaya, it is said that the tree bears best after a long, dry season.
The fruit is ovoid, 5-7.5 cm long, dark-red, its thick, leathery rind closely set with conical, blunt-tipped tubercles or thick, fleshy, straight spines, to 1 cm long. There may be 1 or 2 small, undeveloped fruits nestled close to the stem. Within is the glistening, white or yellowish-white flesh (aril) to 1 cm thick, more or less clinging to the thin, grayish-brown seedcoat (testa) which separates from the seed. The flavour is generally much sweeter than that of the rambutan. The seed is ovoid, oblong or ellipsoid, light-brown, somewhat flattened on one side, 2-3.5 cm long.
While very similar to rambutan, the fruit lacks the hairy spines. The flesh is very sweet and juicy, and separates easily from the seed, much more easily than the rambutan. In addition, unlike the seed of the rambutan, the seed of the pulasan is readily edible raw, and has a flavour somewhat similar to that of almonds.
[edit] Origin and distribution
The pulasan is native to Peninsular Malaysia. Wild trees are infrequent in lowland forests around Perak, Malaya but abundant in the Philippines at low elevations from Luzon to Mindanao. The tree has long been cultivated in the Malay Peninsula and Thailand; is rarely domesticated in the Philippines. Ochse reported that there were extensive plantings in Java only around Bogor and the villages along the railway between Bogor and Jakarta.
The tree was planted at the Trujillo Plant Propagation Station in Puerto Rico in 1926 and young trees from Java were sent to the Lancetilla Experimental Garden, Tela, Honduras, in 1927. The latter were said in 1945 to be doing well at Tela and fruiting moderately. The pulasan is little-known elsewhere in the New World except in Costa Rica where it is occasionally grown and the fruits sometimes appear on the market.
[edit] Related species
Sapindaceae
- Dimocarpus longan Longan
- Litchi chinensis Lychee
- Meliococcus bijigatus Fijian Longan, Mamoncillo
- Nephelium lappaceum Rambutan
- Nephelium xerospermoides Hairless Rambutan
- Paullinia cupana Guarana
[edit] References
Julia Morton, "Fruits of Warm Climates" ; Creative Resource Systems, Inc.; Winterville, N.C.; ISBN 0-9610184-1-0 (online)
