PTGS1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

PDB rendering based on 1cqe.

Available structures: 1cqe, 1diy, 1ebv, 1eqg, 1eqh, 1fe2, 1ht5, 1ht8, 1igx, 1igz, 1pge, 1pgf, 1pgg, 1prh, 1pth, 1q4g, 1u67, 2ayl

Identifiers

Symbol(s)

PTGS1; COX1; COX3; PCOX1; PGG/HS; PGHS-1; PGHS1; PHS1; PTGHS

External IDs

OMIM: 176805 MGI: 97797 HomoloGene: 743

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• peroxidase activity • prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity • iron ion binding • oxidoreductase activity • oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen • metal ion binding
Cellular Component:	• nucleus • cytoplasm • microsome • membrane
Biological Process:	• prostaglandin biosynthetic process • lipid metabolic process • fatty acid biosynthetic process • blood pressure regulation • keratinocyte differentiation

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_000962 (mRNA)
NP_000953 (protein)

NM_008969 (mRNA)
NP_032995 (protein)

Location

Chr 9: 124.17 - 124.2 Mb

Chr 2: 36.05 - 36.07 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (also known as prostaglandin H2 synthase 1, cyclooxygenase-1, and COX-1), gene name PTGS1, is a human protein.

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes PTGS1, which regulates angiogenesis in endothelial cells, and is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. Recent research has shown that the inhibition of COX-1 is the main reason why aspirin is effective at reducing cardiac events (as opposed to aspirin's anti-platelet aggregation effects). PTGS1 is thought to be involved in cell-cell signaling and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Alternative splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants called COX-1 and COX-3. The expression of these two transcripts is differentially regulated by relevant cytokines and growth factors.^[1]

[edit] See also

Cyclooxygenase

[edit] References

^ Entrez Gene: PTGS1 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase).

[edit] Further reading

Richards JA, Petrel TA, Brueggemeier RW (2002). "Signaling pathways regulating aromatase and cyclooxygenases in normal and malignant breast cells.". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 80 (2): 203–12. PMID 11897504.
Jain S, Khuri FR, Shin DM (2004). "Prevention of head and neck cancer: current status and future prospects.". Current problems in cancer 28 (5): 265–86. PMID 15375804.
Bingham S, Beswick PJ, Blum DE, et al. (2007). "The role of the cylooxygenase pathway in nociception and pain.". Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 17 (5): 544–54. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.09.001. PMID 17071117.
Diaz A, Reginato AM, Jimenez SA (1992). "Alternative splicing of human prostaglandin G/H synthase mRNA and evidence of differential regulation of the resulting transcripts by transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha.". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (15): 10816–22. PMID 1587858.
Takahashi Y, Ueda N, Yoshimoto T, et al. (1992). "Immunoaffinity purification and cDNA cloning of human platelet prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase).". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182 (2): 433–8. PMID 1734857.
Funk CD, Funk LB, Kennedy ME, et al. (1991). "Human platelet/erythroleukemia cell prostaglandin G/H synthase: cDNA cloning, expression, and gene chromosomal assignment.". FASEB J. 5 (9): 2304–12. PMID 1907252.
Yokoyama C, Tanabe T (1990). "Cloning of human gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and primary structure of the enzyme.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 (2): 888–94. PMID 2512924.
Vane JR, Mitchell JA, Appleton I, et al. (1994). "Inducible isoforms of cyclooxygenase and nitric-oxide synthase in inflammation.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (6): 2046–50. PMID 7510883.
Mollace V, Colasanti M, Rodino P, et al. (1994). "HIV coating gp 120 glycoprotein-dependent prostaglandin E2 release by human cultured astrocytoma cells is regulated by nitric oxide formation.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 203 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2152. PMID 7521167.
Inoue H, Yokoyama C, Hara S, et al. (1995). "Transcriptional regulation of human prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 gene by lipopolysaccharide and phorbol ester in vascular endothelial cells. Involvement of both nuclear factor for interleukin-6 expression site and cAMP response element.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (42): 24965–71. PMID 7559624.
Ren Y, Loose-Mitchell DS, Kulmacz RJ (1995). "Prostaglandin H synthase-1: evaluation of C-terminus function.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 316 (2): 751–7. PMID 7864630.
Picot D, Loll PJ, Garavito RM (1994). "The X-ray crystal structure of the membrane protein prostaglandin H2 synthase-1.". Nature 367 (6460): 243–9. doi:10.1038/367243a0. PMID 8121489.
Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, et al. (1994). "Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2.". Eur. J. Biochem. 221 (3): 889–97. PMID 8181472.
Otto JC, DeWitt DL, Smith WL (1993). "N-glycosylation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases-1 and -2 and their orientations in the endoplasmic reticulum.". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (24): 18234–42. PMID 8349699.
O'Neill GP, Ford-Hutchinson AW (1993). "Expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human tissues.". FEBS Lett. 330 (2): 156–60. PMID 8365485.
Corasaniti MT, Melino G, Navarra M, et al. (1996). "Death of cultured human neuroblastoma cells induced by HIV-1 gp120 is prevented by NMDA receptor antagonists and inhibitors of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase.". Neurodegeneration : a journal for neurodegenerative disorders, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration 4 (3): 315–21. PMID 8581564.
Ballif BA, Mincek NV, Barratt JT, et al. (1996). "Interaction of cyclooxygenases with an apoptosis- and autoimmunity-associated protein.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (11): 5544–9. PMID 8643612.
Hla T (1996). "Molecular characterization of the 5.2 KB isoform of the human cyclooxygenase-1 transcript.". Prostaglandins 51 (1): 81–5. PMID 8900446.
Mahida YR, Beltinger J, Makh S, et al. (1998). "Adult human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts express extracellular matrix proteins and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2.". Am. J. Physiol. 273 (6 Pt 1): G1341–8. PMID 9435560.
Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, et al. (1998). "Cyclooxygenase regulates angiogenesis induced by colon cancer cells.". Cell 93 (5): 705–16. PMID 9630216.