Proto-Mandarin

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Proto-Mandarin is a term that can be used to designate any earlier form of the most widely-spoken Chinese dialect, known in English as Mandarin; technically the "late Middle Chinese" of the Song Dynasty. "Early Mandarin" is the common name for the sound system described by the rhyme dictionary Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn (中原音韻, lit. Sounds and Rhymes of the Central Plains) of the later Yuan dynasty, used for rhyming of Zaju (雜劇) of that time.

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