Protease inhibitor (biology)

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In biology and biochemistry, protease inhibitors are molecules that inhibit the function of peptidases (old name: protease, hence the term protease inhibitor). Many naturally occurring protease inhibitors are proteins.

In medicine, protease inhibitor is often used interchangeably with alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT, which is abbreviated P_i for this reason).^[1] A1AT is indeed the protease inhibitor most often involved in disease, namely in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Contents 1 Classification 1.1 By protease 1.2 By mechanism 2 Compounds 3 External links 4 References

[edit] Classification

Protease inhibitors may be classified either by the type of protease the inhibit, or by their mechanism of action.

[edit] By protease

Classes of proteases are:

• Cysteine protease inhibitors
• Serine protease inhibitors (serpins)
  • Trypsin inhibitors
• Threonine protease inhibitors
• Aspartic protease inhibitors
• Metalloprotease inhibitors

[edit] By mechanism

Classes of inhibitor mechanisms of action are:

• Suicide inhibitor
• Transition state inhibitor
• Protein protease inhibitor (see serpins)
• Chelating agents

[edit] Compounds

• Aprotinin
• Bestatin
• Calpain inhibitor I and II
• Chymostatin
• E-64
• Leupeptin (N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal)
• alpha-2-Macroglobuline
• Pefabloc SC
• Pepstatin
• PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride)
• TLCK
• Trypsin inhibitors

[edit] External links

• Sigma-Aldrich protease inhibitor overview

[edit] References

1. ^ OMIM - PROTEASE INHIBITOR 1; PI

v • d • e Pharmacology: enzyme inhibition Class Competitive inhibition - Uncompetitive inhibition - Non-competitive inhibition - Suicide inhibition - Mixed inhibition Substrate Oxidoreductase (EC 1): Aromatase inhibitors - Lipoxygenase inhibitor - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Transferase (EC 2): Integrase inhibitor - Kinase inhibitors - Reverse transcriptase inhibitors Hydrolase (EC 3): Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - Phosphodiesterase inhibitors - Protease inhibitors (ACE inhibitor, Trypsin inhibitor) Lyase (EC 4): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors