Prooftext

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Prooftexting is the practice of using decontextualised quotations from a document (often, but not always, a book of the Bible) to establish a proposition rhetorically through an appeal to authority. Critics of the technique note that often the document, when read as a whole, may not in fact support the proposition.

Ministers and teachers have used the following humorous anecdote to demonstrate the dangers of prooftexting:

A man dissatisfied with his life decided to consult the Bible for guidance. Closing his eyes, he flipped the book open and pointed to a spot on the page. Opening his eyes, he read the verse under his finger. It read, "Then Judas went away and hanged himself" (Matthew 27:5b) Closing his eyes again, the man randomly selected another verse. This one read, "Jesus told him, 'Go and do likewise.'" (Luke 10:37b)

During the Protestant Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church accused – fairly or otherwise – the reformers of prooftexting. One instance of alleged prooftexting related to the Protestants' use of Ephesians 2.8-9, which reads, in the New Revised Standard Version translation of the Bible:

"For by grace you have been saved through faith, and this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God — not the result of works, so that no one may boast".

This text was cited by the Protestants in support of the doctrine of sola fide (salvation by faith alone, apart from good works), and against Catholic understanding of salvation, which holds that for salvation to be effective, individuals must be willing, active instruments of God's grace.

The Protestants dismissed the accusations of prooftexting as Straw man fallacy, noting that other verses (Romans 3:26, Philippians 1:29, Romans 3:28, 1 Corinthians 12:3, etc.) carry similar messages and that these themes are more fully developed throughout the New Testament, notably in Paul's Epistles to the the Romans, the Galatians, the Ephesians and the Hebrews.

Within Catholicism itself, mainstream Catholics have accused sedevacantists of adopting prooftexting methods when they have sought to prove their thesis that the Church hierarchy has become apostate by quoting from Church documents such as the Code of Canon Law.

Outside religious discourse, it has been claimed that prooftexting is widely used by Libertarians, and especially Objectivists, to demonstrate that certain historical personalities (usually the Founding Fathers of the United States) would have supported their philosophies and their religion.^{[citation needed]}