Procarbazine

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Procarbazine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[(N'-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzamide
Identifiers
CAS number	671-16-9
ATC code	L01XB01
PubChem	4915
DrugBank	APRD00695
Chemical data
Formula	C12H19N3O
Mol. mass	221.299 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	Hepatic, Renal
Half life	10 minutes
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	D(AU) D(US)
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Routes	Oral (Gel Capsule), intravenous

Procarbazine (Matulane (US), Natulan (Canada), Indicarb (India)) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and certain brain cancers (such as Glioblastoma multiforme). It is a member of a group of medicines called alkylating agents. It gained FDA Approved in July 1969. The drug is metabolized and activated in the liver. It also inhibits MAO thus increasing the effects of sympathomimetics, TCAs and tyramine.

Contents 1 Pharmacology 2 Indications 3 Side Effects/ Adverse Reactions 4 Dose 5 Dosage Form 6 Pricing 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Pharmacology

Its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide which results in the breaking of DNA strands.

[edit] Indications

When used to treat Hodgkin's Lymphoma, it is often delivered as part of the MOPP regimen that includes Mechlorethamine, Vincristine (tradename Oncovin), Prednisone, and Procarbazine. Alternatively, when used to treat certain brain tumors (malignant gliomas), it is often dosed as PCV when combined with Lomustine (often called CCNU) and Vincristine.

[edit] Side Effects/ Adverse Reactions

When combined with ethanol, procarbazine may cause a disulfiram-like reaction in some patients. It also inhibits the liver's CYP450 microsomal system, which leads to an increased effect of barbiturates, phenothiazenes, and narcotics normally metabolized by the CYP450 enzymes. It is also highly carcinogenic - patients have a 5-10% risk of developing acute leukemia, especially in combination with radiation therapy. Has monamine oxidase inhibition properties (MAOI), and should not be taken with most antidepressants and certain migraine medications.

[edit] Dose

Adult: 2-4mg/kg/day either in a single dose or divided, given for 7 days then increased to 4-6mg/kg/day until response is obtained or mylosupression occurs. Dose should be adjusted for renal (kidney) disease or hepatic (liver) disease.

[edit] Dosage Form

50mg capsules

[edit] Pricing

Procarbazine is manufactured by Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and is generally priced at $50/capsule in the United States.^[1].

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• RX Listing for Matulane
• Medline Plus Drug Information
• PCV Information
• MOPP Treatment Regimen
• Procarbazine Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp - Merck Manual Professional

v • d • e Chemotherapeutic agents/Antineoplastic agents (L01) Alkylating and alkylating-like agents Nitrogen mustards: (Chlorambucil, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Bendamustine, Uramustine) Nitrosoureas:(Carmustine, Fotemustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin) Platinum (alkylating-like): (Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, Triplatin tetranitrate, Satraplatin) Alkyl sulfonates:(Busulfan, Treosulfan) Hydrazines:(Procarbazine, Dacarbazine, Temozolomide) Aziridines:(ThioTEPA) Antimetabolites Folic acid: (Aminopterin, Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Raltitrexed). Purine:(Cladribine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine) Pyrimidine:(Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Decitabine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Gemcitabine) Spindle poison/mitotic inhibitor Taxane: (Docetaxel, Larotaxel, Paclitaxel). Vinca: (Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine). Cytotoxic/antitumor antibiotics Anthracycline family: (Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Pixantrone, Valrubicin) streptomyces (Actinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, Plicamycin) - Hydroxyurea Topoisomerase inhibitors Camptotheca: (Camptothecin, Topotecan, Irinotecan, Rubitecan), Podophyllum:(Etoposide, Teniposide) CI monoclonal antibodies Receptor tyrosine kinase (Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Trastuzumab) - CD20 (Rituximab, Tositumomab) - other (Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Gemtuzumab) Photosensitizers Aminolevulinic acid, Methyl aminolevulinate, Porfimer sodium, Verteporfin Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Axitinib, Bosutinib, Cediranib, Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Lestaurtinib, Nilotinib, Semaxanib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Seliciclib Other retinoids (Alitretinoin, Tretinoin), Fusion protein (Aflibercept) - Altretamine, Amsacrine, Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase (Pegaspargase), Bexarotene, Bortezomib, Celecoxib, Denileukin diftitox, Elesclomol, Estramustine, Irofulven, Ixabepilone, Masoprocol, Mitotane, Oblimersen, Testolactone, Tipifarnib, Trabectedin