Pro Ligario
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Pro Ligario is a political speech made by Marcus Tullius Cicero in 46 BC on behalf of Ligarius (Latin: Ligario) before Gaius Julius Caesar.
In this speech Cicero defends Ligarius, who is accused of crimes in Africa. Ligarius' opponent is Tubero, who has himself committed crimes in Africa. Cicero attempts to use Tubero's behavior to mitigate the charges Ligarius faces. Cicero also uses captatio benevolentia, a rhetorical technique which flatters the audience (Caesar, in this case). Pro Ligario differs from Cicero's other speeches in that the refutatio and peroratio are very short.