PRKAR2A

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha

PDB rendering based on 1l6e.

Available structures: 1l6e, 1r2a, 2drn, 2h9r, 2hwn, 2izx, 2izy

Identifiers

Symbol(s)

PRKAR2A; MGC3606; PKR2; PRKAR2

External IDs

OMIM: 176910 MGI: 108025 HomoloGene: 3064

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• nucleotide binding • protein binding • cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity • kinase activity • cAMP binding
Cellular Component:	• membrane fraction • cytoplasm • plasma membrane • cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
Biological Process:	• protein amino acid phosphorylation • signal transduction • intracellular signaling cascade

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_004157 (mRNA)
NP_004148 (protein)

NM_008924 (mRNA)
NP_032950 (protein)

Location

Chr 3: 48.76 - 48.86 Mb

Chr 9: 108.55 - 108.61 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha, also known as PRKAR2A, is a human gene.

cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive holoenzyme of AMPK is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits of AMPK have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins and determine the subcellular localization of AMPK. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).^[1]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

^ Entrez Gene: PRKAR2A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha.

[edit] Further reading

Cho-Chung YS, Nesterova MV (2006). "Tumor reversion: protein kinase A isozyme switching.". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1058: 76–86. doi:10.1196/annals.1359.014. PMID 16394127.
Harrich D, McMillan N, Munoz L, et al. (2007). "Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets?". Current drug targets 7 (12): 1595–606. PMID 17168834.
Skålhegg BS, Landmark B, Foss KB, et al. (1992). "Identification, purification, and characterization of subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human testis. Reverse mobilities of human RII alpha and RII beta on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared with rat and bovine RIIs.". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (8): 5374–9. PMID 1544918.
Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Fraser ID, et al. (1992). "Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain.". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (19): 13376–82. PMID 1618839.
Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Baldwin RL, et al. (1991). "HIV inhibits the early steps of lymphocyte activation, including initiation of inositol phospholipid metabolism.". J. Immunol. 145 (11): 3699–705. PMID 1978848.
Scott JD, Stofko RE, McDonald JR, et al. (1991). "Type II regulatory subunit dimerization determines the subcellular localization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (35): 21561–6. PMID 2147685.
Oyen O, Myklebust F, Scott JD, et al. (1989). "Human testis cDNA for the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase encodes an alternate amino-terminal region.". FEBS Lett. 246 (1-2): 57–64. PMID 2540040.
Obar RA, Dingus J, Bayley H, Vallee RB (1990). "The RII subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase binds to a common amino-terminal domain in microtubule-associated proteins 2A, 2B, and 2C.". Neuron 3 (5): 639–45. PMID 2561973.
Rubino HM, Dammerman M, Shafit-Zagardo B, Erlichman J (1990). "Localization and characterization of the binding site for the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase on MAP2.". Neuron 3 (5): 631–8. PMID 2701845.
Hemmings BA, Aitken A, Cohen P, et al. (1983). "Phosphorylation of the type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5.". Eur. J. Biochem. 127 (3): 473–81. PMID 6293815.
Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Nguyen T, et al. (1993). "Human immunodeficiency virus proteins induce the inhibitory cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in normal lymphocytes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (14): 6676–80. PMID 7688126.
Pariset C, Weinman S (1995). "Differential localization of two isoforms of the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human sperm: biochemical and cytochemical study.". Mol. Reprod. Dev. 39 (4): 415–22. doi:10.1002/mrd.1080390410. PMID 7893490.
Cheley S, Panchal RG, Carr DW, et al. (1994). "Type II regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and their binding proteins in the nervous system of Aplysia californica.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (4): 2911–20. PMID 7905481.
Hausken ZE, Coghlan VM, Hastings CA, et al. (1994). "Type II regulatory subunit (RII) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase interaction with A-kinase anchor proteins requires isoleucines 3 and 5.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (39): 24245–51. PMID 7929081.
Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Fan J, et al. (1994). "HIV Gag p17 protein impairs proliferation of normal lymphocytes in vitro.". AIDS 8 (7): 1016–7. PMID 7946090.
Beebe SJ, Salomonsky P, Holroyd C, Becker D (1994). "Differential expression of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes in normal human melanocytes and malignant melanomas.". Cell Growth Differ. 4 (12): 1005–12. PMID 8117614.
Coghlan VM, Langeberg LK, Fernandez A, et al. (1994). "Cloning and characterization of AKAP 95, a nuclear protein that associates with the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (10): 7658–65. PMID 8125992.
Lester LB, Coghlan VM, Nauert B, Scott JD (1996). "Cloning and characterization of a novel A-kinase anchoring protein. AKAP 220, association with testicular peroxisomes.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (16): 9460–5. PMID 8621616.
Foss KB, Solberg R, Simard J, et al. (1997). "Molecular cloning, upstream sequence and promoter studies of the human gene for the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1350 (1): 98–108. PMID 9003463.
Dransfield DT, Bradford AJ, Smith J, et al. (1997). "Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein.". EMBO J. 16 (1): 35–43. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.1.35. PMID 9009265.