Priroda
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| Priroda | ||
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.jpg/240px-Priroda_(STS-91).jpg) |
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| A view of Priroda from the departing Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-91 | ||
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| Mir insignia | ||
| Station statistics | ||
| Call sign: | Mir | |
| Launch: | 1996-04-23 Docked with Mir 1996-04-26 |
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| Launch pad: | Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan |
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| Reentry: | 2001-03-21 | |
| Mass: | 19,700 kg | |
| Length: | 9.7 metres | |
| Diameter: | 4.35 metres | |
| Living volume: | 66 m3 | |
| Perigee: | 385 km (207.9 nmi) | |
| Apogee: | 393 km (212.2 nmi) | |
| Orbit inclination: | 51.6 degrees | |
| Orbital period: | 89.1 minutes | |
| Orbits per day: | 16.16 | |
| Days in orbit: | 1,793 days | |
| Configuration | ||
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| Cut-away view of Priroda | ||
| Priroda | ||
The Priroda (Russian: Природа; English: Nature) (TsM-I, 77KSI, 11F77I) module was the seventh and final module of the Mir Space Station. Its primary purpose was to conduct Earth resource experiments through remote sensing and to develop and verify remote sensing methods.
[edit] Description
Priroda was originally designed to carry a deployable solar array. However, due to delays, solar arrays were planned for other parts of Mir and a solar array was not included in the launch configuration. Instead, during free flight, Priroda was powered by two redundant sets of batteries totaling 168. Priroda had an unpressurized instrument compartment and a habitable instrument/payload compartment. The unpressurized compartment contains propulsion system components, EVA handrails, and scientific equipment. The instrument/payload compartment was divided into two sections: an outer instrument section and an inner habitation and work compartment. Experiments on Priroda were provided by twelve different nations. These experiments covered microwave, visible, near infrared, and infrared spectral regions using both passive and active sounding methods.
Remote sensing instruments:
- Alissa lidar - measured cloud height, structure, optical properties. 150 m vertical resolution, 1 km horizontal resolution
- Centaur 400 MHz receiver - used to gather ocean buoy data
- DOPI interferometer - studies gases and aerosols. 2.4-20 micrometer
- Greben ocean altimeter - 10 cm resolution, 13.76 GHz, 2.5 km swath, nadir viewing
- Ikar D scanning microwave radiometer system - scanned 40° off track with a 400 km swath. 4.0, 0.3, 0.8, 1.35 micrometer wavelengths, resolution up to 5 km and 0.15 K
- Ikar N nadir microwave radiometers - 0.3, 0.8, 1.35, 2.25 6.0 micrometer wavelengths, resolution up to 60km and 0.15 K
- Ikar P panoramic microwave radiometers - 2.25, 6.0 micrometer wavelengths, 750 km swath, resolution up to 75 km and 0.15 K
- Istok 1 IR spectroradiometer - wavelengths between 4.0-16.0 micrometer, 7 km swath, 0.7 x 2.8 km resolution
- MOS-Obzor spectrometer - measured aerosol profile and ocean reflectance. 17 channels between 0.750-1.01 micrometer, 80 km swath, 700 m resolution
- MOMS 02P Earth imager - 4 channels between 0.440-0.810 micrometer. Multi spectral, stereo or high resolution data, 6 km resolution. German instrument, initially flown aboard Spacelab D2 on Shuttle.
- MSU-E2 high resolution optical scanner - 10 m resolution, 3 channels between 0.5 and 0.9 micrometer, nadir viewing, 2 x 24.5 km swaths
- Ozon M spectrometer - used for ozone/aerosol profiles. 160 channels between 0.257-1.155 micrometer, 1 km altitude resolution
- Travers Synthetic Aperture Radar - 1.28/3.28 GHz, 50 km swath, 38° look angle, 50 m resolution.
.jpg/200px-Travers_Antenna_(STS-79).jpg)
[edit] Launch and Docking
Priroda was launched on April 23, 1996 on a Proton rocket. After reaching orbit, an electrical connector failure caused the amount of power available on Priroda to be cut in half. Due to the electrical problem, Priroda would only have one attempt at docking before power would be lost. This caused some concern for ground controllers because most other modules failed to dock on their first attempt. However, Priroda docked with no problems on April 26. After being moved to its permanent location at the +Z docking port on the base block, Priroda was connected to the rest of the station's electrical system which allowed to run off power from solar arrays on other modules. The crew onboard then removed the batteries from Priroda and stored them in Progress M-31 for a destructive re-entry.
During the last expedition to Mir in 2000, power loads were reportedly so high, that the crew was not able to activate any of Priroda's payloads.
Priroda, along with the other Mir components, was destroyed when the station's orbit degraded and it entered the Earth's atmosphere.
[edit] External links
- Russian Space Web
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - information on Priroda
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