Prince George, British Columbia

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Prince George, British Columbia
Flag
Location of Prince George within the Fraser-Fort George District in British Columbia
Country	Canada
Province	British Columbia
Regional District	Fraser-Fort George
Established	1807
Incorporated	March 6, 1915
Government
- Mayor	Colin Kinsley
- Governing body	Prince George City Council
- MPs	Dick Harris Jay Hill
- MLAs	Shirley Bond Pat Bell John Rustad
Area [1]
- Total	316 km² (122 sq mi)
Elevation	575 m (1,886 ft)
Population (2006)[1]
- Total	70,981
- Density	229.1/km² (593.4/sq mi)
Time zone	PST (UTC-8)
Postal code span	V2K to V2N
Area code(s)	250
Website: City of Prince George

Prince George, with a population of 70,981 (census agglomeration of 83,225),^[1] is the largest city in northern British Columbia and is known as "BC's Northern Capital". Situated at the confluence of the Fraser and Nechako Rivers, and the crossroads of Highway 16 and Highway 97, the city plays an important role in the province's economy and culture.

Contents 1 History 1.1 1800s 1.2 Grand Trunk Pacific Railway 1.3 War Years 1.4 Modern history 2 Geography 3 Demographics 4 Economy 5 Education 6 Sports and Recreation 7 Arts and culture 7.1 Museums and libraries 7.2 Art galleries and studios 7.3 Live theatre and symphony 8 Notable People 9 Transportation 10 Annual events 11 Media 11.1 Radio 11.2 Television 11.3 Publications 12 Government and politics 13 Bibliography 14 See also 15 References 16 External links

[edit] History

The origins of Prince George can be traced to the North West Company fur trading post of Fort George, which was established in 1807 by Simon Fraser and named in honour of King George III.^[2] The post was centred in the centuries-old homeland of the Lheidli T'enneh First Nation, whose very name means "people of the confluence".

[edit] 1800s

Throughout the 1800s Fort George remained unchanged, while Fort St. James reigned as the main trading post and capital of New Caledonia. Even during the Cariboo Gold Rush, Fort George was isolated, although Quesnel prospered as the Cariboo Road was built to its doorstep, making it the main staging area for the miners going to the goldfields at Barkerville. Then, when the Collins Overland Telegraph Trail was built in 1865-67, it bypassed Fort George, following the Blackwater Trail from Quesnel and continuing northwest towards Hazelton.

[edit] Grand Trunk Pacific Railway

Finally in 1903, Fort George's fortune began to change when it was announced that the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (later CN Rail) would pass near the fur post. In 1906, agricultural settlement began around Fort George and then in 1909, development of the town began as two rival land speculation companies built the communities of South Fort George and Central Fort George. South Fort George was built on the Fraser River near the Hudson's Bay Company’s trading post and Central Fort George was built two miles (3 km) to the northwest on the Nechako River. Both communities flourished due to the marketing strategies of the land promoter for Central Fort George, George Hammond, who advertised the community all over Canada and Britain, describing Fort George in glowing terms as being the future hub of British Columbia, having mild winters and being suitable for any agricultural endeavor (except for the growing of peaches). Ten paddle steamer sternwheelers serviced the area, coming up on the Fraser River from Soda Creek.^[3]

Main article: Steamboats of the Upper Fraser River in British Columbia

Properties were sold in both of the main townsites and many others nearby, such as Birmingham, Fort Salmon,^[4] Nechako Heights and Willow City. By 1913, South and Central Fort George each had a population of 1500 and were booming as thousands of rail construction workers came to town for supplies and entertainment.^[5] Both communities believed that the Grand Trunk Pacific station and townsite would be built in their town, and both were disappointed when the railway purchased the 1,366 acres (5.53 km²) of land in between them from the Lhiedli T'enneh instead, even though Charles Vance Millar, then the owner of the BC Express Company, was well into negotiations to purchase that property himself.^[6] The railway compensated Millar by giving him 200 acres (0.81 km²) of the property and, by 1914, when the railway was completed, there were four major communities in Fort George: South, Central, Millar Addition and the railway's townsite, Prince George, where the station was built. And, although George Hammond fought a series of bitter legal battles for a station for Central and for the right to incorporate, the railway won in the end and the City of Prince George was incorporated on March 6, 1915. The actual history of where the city's name is derived from is under dispute, but it is likely that the most obvious name of Fort George wasn't chosen because the Grand Trunk Pacific wanted to take credence away from the two rival townsites. Prince George could simply have been named after the ruling King George V or for Prince George, Duke of Kent the fourth son of King George V.^[7]

[edit] War Years

With the onset of the Great War in 1914, the local economy was devastated as many local men enlisted and the construction of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway was halted, creating a massive drop in population, a problem that was exacerbated by the ensuing Spanish Flu epidemic of 1918.^[8] Prince George persevered through the 1920s and the Great Depression of the 1930s and did not experience any significant growth until World War II when an army camp for 6,000 soldiers was built at the foot of Cranbrook Hill, bringing new life to the struggling businesses and service industries. After the war, as the ravaged European cities rebuilt, the demand for lumber skyrocketed and Prince George, with its abundance of sawmills and spruce trees, prospered.^[9] Finally, in 1952, after 40 years of construction, the Pacific Great Eastern was completed and joined with the CN line at Prince George, and with the completion of Highways 16 and 97, Prince George finally fulfilled George Hammond’s long ago promise of being the hub of British Columbia.

[edit] Modern history

In 1964 the first pulp mill, Prince George Pulp and Paper was built, followed by two more in 1966, Northwood Pulp and Intercontinental Pulp.^[10]. New schools and more housing were needed and the new subdivisions of Spruceland, Lakeland, Perry and Highglen were built. Then, in 1975, Prince George amalgamated and extended its borders to include the Hart area to the north, Pineview to the south and the old town of South Fort George to the east. In 1981, Prince George was the second largest city in British Columbia with a population of 67,559, narrowly edging Victoria out of the honor, whose population was then 64,379.^[11]

Due to its low-lying location at a confluence of rivers that can freeze, Prince George has suffered flooding on many occasions.^[12] In late 2007 an ice jam formed on the Nechako River and soon grew to a length of more than 6 kilometres, causing widespread flooding in the town. Faster runoff due to devastation of nearby lodgepole pine forests by the mountain pine beetle was identified as a contributing factor. A state of emergency was declared on December 11. On January 14, 2008, with the ice jam still present, the Provincial Emergency Program approved an unprecedented plan to melt the ice by piping water from a pulp mill steam plant 2.7 km to the jam area where it would be mixed with well water and poured into the river at a temperature of 15°C. In the interim an amphibious excavator was used for 10 days to move some of the ice. Costing C$400,000 to build and C$3,000 per day to run, the "Warm Water System" was completed on January 29, by which time the ice jam had grown to 25 km long.^{[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]}

[edit] Geography

Prince George is located in the Fraser-Fort George Regional District near the transition between the northern and southern portions of the Rocky Mountain Trench. Prince George proper contains several areas: South Fort George, the Hart, the residential and light industrial neighbourhoods north of the Nechako River; College Heights, the western part of the city used mostly for residence, and the Bowl, the valley that includes most of the city and the downtown. There are also a number of outlying areas that are also part of Prince George. Prince George encompasses three provincial electoral districts: Prince George North; Prince George-Mount Robson, and; Prince George-Omineca. The cutbanks of the Nechako River are Prince George's interesting geological feature.

Local wild edible fruit include bunchberries, rose hips, blueberries, huckleberries, cranberries, chokecherries, strawberries, raspberries, saskatoons, currants, gooseberries, and soapberries (from which "Indian ice-cream" is made). Morel mushrooms are also native to this area.

[edit] Demographics

Canada 2001 Census[23]
	Prince George	British Columbia
Median age	33.9 years	38.4 years
Under 15 years old	21%	18%
Over 65 years old	7.6%	14%
Visible minority	6%	21%
Protestant	31%	31%
Catholic	21%	17%

According to the 2001 Canadian census,^[23] there were 72,406 people living in 27,605 households within the city. Of these households, 23% were one-person households, below the 27% average provincewide, and 31% married couples with children, above the 26% average. Prince George had a smaller proportion of married couples than the province, 47% compared to 51%, but very similar persons per households. With 90% of Prince George residents being Canadian-born, and 87% with an English-only mother tongue, the city has few visible minorities. However, 10% identified themselves as Aboriginal, much higher than the 4% provincewide. Only 14% of residents between 20 and 64 years of age completed university, almost half the provicial average, and 22% did not complete high school, similar to the 19% provincial average.

In 2005, with a budget of $15,524,482 ($201 per capita) the 121 officer Prince George Royal Canadian Mounted Police municipal detachment reported 13,800 Criminal Code of Canada offenses. This translated into a crime rate of 179 Criminal Code offenses per 1,000 people, down from the previous year's rate of 177, but still much higher than the provincial average rate of 125. In 2005, on the per 1,000 people basis, the city had higher crime rates compared to the provincial averages on all criminal code offenses except impaired driving (2.9 city, 3.1 provincially), theft from motor vehicles (17.1 city, 17.3 provincially), cannabis-related (3.3 city, 3.8 provincially), and business break and enters ( 3.45 city, 3.96 provincially). The city had slightly higher but comparable levels on all other offenses except arson (2.1 city, 0.7 provincially), motor vehicle thefts (12.1 city, 8.2 provincially), non-sexual assaults (17.6 city, 10.1 provincially), and shoplifting (8.5 city, 4.6 provincially).^[24]

[edit] Economy

Wood drives the local economy, with forestry, plywood manufacture, numerous sawmills and three pulp mills as major employers and customers. The Mountain pine beetle epidemic has resulted in a short term boom in the forest industry as companies rush to cut dead standing trees before they have no value.^[25] Sawmill closures and the creation of 'supermills' is already being seen in the area and more closures are expected.^[26] Mining exploration and development may become the future of Prince George. Iniatives Prince George estimates that the Nechako Basin contains over 5 million barrels of oil.^[27]

Other industry includes two chemical plants, an oil refinery, brewery, dairy, machine shops, aluminum boat building, log home construction, value added forestry product and specialty equipment manufacturing. Prince George is also a staging centre for mining and prospecting, and a major regional transportation, trade and government hub. Several major retailers are expanding into the Prince George market, a trend expected to persist. In recent years, several market research call centres have opened in Prince George.

Heritage, College Heights, Hart Highlands and St. Lawrence Heights are prime residential areas, both commercial and residential development are growing at an accelerated rate and more subdivisions are planned for St. Lawrence Heights, West Cranbrook Hill and East Austin Road.

[edit] Education

Prince George's education system encompasses 37 elementary, eight secondary, two junior secondary, one middle school and eight private schools. The public schools are all part of School District 57 Prince George.^[28] It is also home to a public Francophone elementary and secondary school, both of which are part of School District 93 Conseil scolaire francophone,^[29] a province wide Francophone school district. Post-secondary education choices include the regional College of New Caledonia (CNC),^[30] which offers two-year university courses plus vocational and professional programs. Several BC universities, British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) and the Open Learning Agency have integrated their local programs with CNC.

The University of Northern British Columbia^[31] (UNBC) is the second new university to be built in Canada in over 25 years. A total of 55 undergraduate programs, 15 masters programs and two PhD programs are now offered at UNBC as well as the new Northern Medical Program, a joint program with the University of British Columbia intended to alleviate the shortage of physicians in the north. A degree-granting institution with regional teaching centres in nine BC communities and a sponsor for several research institutes, UNBC has recently completed the construction of the I.K. Barber Enhanced Forestry Lab. UNBC's hilltop campus overlooks the City of Prince George and offers spectacular views of the Rocky Mountains to the east. In 2005 and 2006, UNBC was ranked by Maclean's Magazine as being the best small university in Western Canada.^[32]

[edit] Sports and Recreation

Club	Sport	League	Venue
Prince George Cougars	Ice hockey	Western Hockey League (WHL)	CN Centre
Prince George Spruce Kings	Ice hockey	British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL)	Prince George Coliseum
UNBC Timberwolves	Basketball	British Columbia College Athletic Association (BCCAA)	Northern Sports Center

Prince George's teams include the Prince George Cougars of the Western Hockey League (WHL), the Prince George Spruce Kings of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL), Youth Bowling Club (YBC) bowling teams (Nechako Bowling, 5th Avenue, and also a ten pin team), and Prince George Curling (Prince George Golf and Curling Club). Recently, the Duchess Park Secondary School Senior boys basketball team won the provincial AA title for the first time in 26 years.

The Spruce Kings hosted the RBC Royal Bank Cup May 5 - 13, 2007.

Prince George has been home to several NHLers including Murray Baron, Turner Stevenson and Darcy Rota. Eric Brewer and Zdeno Chara were teammates on the Cougars in 1995 and 1996.

Prince George Citizen Field opened in the spring of 2006. The baseball facility has established itself as one of the most unusual diamonds in British Columbia.

Recreation facilities include 116 playgrounds and parks, baseball, soccer and lacrosse fields, eight golf courses, plus tennis courts, ice rinks and roller rinks, a new modern Aquatic Centre as well as an older swimming pool and the CN Centre, which is a 5,995-seat multi-purpose arena. For hikers there is an 11 kilometer riverfront system of urban hiking trails called the Heritage Trails.^[33] Four provincial parks in the region provide downhill, cross-country and heli-skiing.

Parks include Fort George Park, Paddlewheel Park, Rainbow Park, Connaught Hill, Foot Park, L.C. Gunn Park, Ginter's Property, Eskers Park, Forests for the World, and Cottonwood Island Park. North of Prince George is the Huble Homestead and Giscome Portage.

For race fans, the Prince George Auto Racing Association (PGARA) offers a variety of racing events at the PGARA Speedway including the locally famous hit-to-pass races.

Prince George offers several nightclubs, sports bars, pubs and fine dining facilities.

The Treasure Cove Hotel and Casino is located at the junction of Highways 16 and 97.

Moviegoers can choose betwee the Famous Players six-plex or the Park Drive-in Theatre, which also offers mini-golf facilities and a go-kart track.

[edit] Arts and culture

The official mascot of Prince George is Mr. P. G., an anthropomorphic assortment of logs who greets newcomers to the city at the intersection of Highways 97 and 16.

[edit] Museums and libraries

• The Fraser Fort George Regional Museum and Exploration Place is located in Fort George Park and offers a wide variety of galleries and exhibits, including a paleontology exhibit, First Nations exhibit, children's gallery and the Prince George Sports Hall of Fame.
• The Prince George Railway and Forestry Museum^[34] opened in July 1986, coinciding with Expo'86 and 150 years of rail travel in Canada. The museum has one of the largest vintage rail collections in the province, including vintage rail cars, locomotives and historical buildings.
• The Prince George Public Library has two branches in the city, the Bob Harkins branch in the downtown area and the Nechako branch in the Hart.

[edit] Art galleries and studios

• Two Rivers Gallery, which opened in June 2000, has two exhibition galleries named the North and South Canfor Galleries, a gift shop and a galleria. It offers guided tours and art classes for both adults and children.
• Studio 2880 houses the Artists' Workshop, the Quilters', Potters', Weavers' and Spinners' Guilds. Its sister building, Studio 2820, is a Ticketmaster outlet and houses the Artisan Gift Shoppe.

[edit] Live theatre and symphony

• Theatre Northwest is a professional theatre company producing stage productions throughout the year.^[35]

• The Prince George Playhouse has many different uses such as theatre workshops and major plays put on by small businesses.

• Prince George Symphony Orchestra concerts are held at the Vanier Hall,^[36] which is attached to the Prince George Secondary School.

A 2005 cultural project that involved Prince George had 'Spirit Bears' placed throughout various locations around the city. The 'Spirit Bear' is a fiberglass statue of a bear that has various sceneries painted on it.

[edit] Notable People

• Peter Austin; mountaineer
• Murray Baron; former NHL Defenceman notably played for the Vancouver Canucks
• Shirley Bond; politician
• Dean Butler; actor
• Denise Chong; writer
• Shannon Davies; fitness model
• Brian Fawcett; writer
• Morgan Fox; former Playboy Playmate & Actress
• Barry McKinnon; writer
• Bridget Moran; social activist and writer
• Mayo Moran; legal scholar
• Nilesh Patel; filmmaker
• Paul Ramsey; politician
• Daryl Reaugh; former NHL Goaltender, Color commentator
• Anthony Sedlak; chef and host of Food Network Canada's The Main
• Marylin Star; adult film actress
• Bruce Strachan; politician and journalist
• Tiffani Timms; actress

• Lynda Williams; writer

[edit] Transportation

Located at the intersection of Highways 97 and 16, Prince George is the hub for northern British Columbia. Considerable truck traffic passes through Prince George, which also has extensive facilities for maintenance of trucks and heavy equipment. Greyhound Bus Lines provides daily bus service south to Vancouver, west to Prince Rupert, east to Edmonton, Alberta and north to Fort St. John.

There is an inland port to Prince Rupert in Prince George which is served by CN Rail.^[37]

Prince George Airport,^[38] located 7 km (4 mi) from the city centre, is an airport with customs facilities. The primary air connection to the rest of the world is provided by multiple daily flights to Vancouver on Air Canada and Westjet. Westjet's service also includes a weekly direct flight to Puerto Vallarta, Mexico during the winter months. Central Mountain Air and Northern Thunderbird fly to regional and smaller centres. Starting on the 1st of May, Horizon Air will fly daily to Seattle. Charter services provide flights to outlying areas primarily by float plane though helicopter service is also available. An expansion study is currently underway will allow 747s to land and take off.^[39]

CNR freight lines operate out of Prince George as well as VIA Rail passenger service the Skeena.

Local public transportation consists of the PG Transit bus service.

[edit] Annual events

• The Prince George Exhibition, also known as the PGX, started in 1912 and is the city's largest summer event. The four day show is held each August and attractions include a large midway, food fair, trade show, art and horticulture exhibitions, 4-h exhibitions and many other attractions.
• The Forest Expo was started in 1985 and provides a showcase to educate the general public about the importance of our forests, while displaying the latest in forestry technology, supplies and services.
• The Prince George Folkfest is a national folk music festival held annually in the summer at historic Fort George Park on the banks of the Fraser River. Past artists have included John Denver, Bruce Cockburn, Sarah Harmer, Janis Ian, Alpha Ya Ya Diallo. 2006 saw Matthew Good, Fred Eaglesmith, The Paperboys, and many others.^[40]. Local musicians include: The Goat Island Extrapolation,^[41] The Lines We Drew, Versus,^[42] DJ Frozen IceCube^[43] and Young, Rich & Free.
• Canadian Northern Children's Festival is held in Fort George Park and features many hands-on activities for children, roving performers, face painting and clowns.
• Prince George celebrates BC River's Day on the last Sunday in September at Fort George Park with a live free music festival. 2006's performers included Marcel Gagnon and Fear Zero among many others.^[44]
• The Father's Day Show and Shine is held in downtown Prince George and features street vendors, live performers and both vintage and modern cars. 2007's event saw an estimated 25,000 visitors and 365 cars were on display.^[45]
• The Snow Daze Winter Festival is held each February. Some of the featured events include the Mr.PG pageant, curling, bed races, OTL baseball, Texas hold'em poker tournament and snow golf.^[46]

[edit] Media

[edit] Radio

• FM 88.7 - CFUR, University of Northern British Columbia campus radio
• FM 90.3 - CFPG, CBC Radio Two
• FM 91.5 - CBYG, CBC Radio One
• FM 93.1 - CFIS, community radio
• FM 94.3 - CIRX ("94X"), modern rock
• FM 95.5 - CBUF-4, La Première Chaîne
• FM 97.3 - CJCI ("The Wolf"), country music
• FM 99.3 - CKDV ("The Drive"), classic rock
• FM 101.3 - CKKN ("The River"), hot adult contemporary

[edit] Television

• Channel 2 - CKPG, CBC
• Channel 4 - CBUFT, SRC
• Channel 11 - CIFG, Global

[edit] Publications

Prince George has two main newspapers. A daily, the Prince George Citizen,^[47] winner of the 2006 Michener Award,^[48] which appears Monday through Saturday and the Prince George Free Press which appears on Wednesday and Friday. There is also a café newsletter called Walk-N-Roll Publications. Prince George also has two advertising publications, the Prince George Buy & Sell and the Bargain Finder. The two major national newspapers, the National Post and the Globe and Mail, as well as The Province and the Vancouver Sun, are widely available.

[edit] Government and politics

The City of Prince George's council-manager form of municipal government is governed by a mayor and an eight-member council; these positions are subject to at-large elections every three years. Colin Kinsley has been serving as mayor since 1997 and has served as a director at the Union of BC Municipalities and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and president of the North Central Municipal Association. Prince George holds four of the fourteen seats at the Regional District of Fraser - Fort George. School District 57, which includes not only the city of Prince George but a large, sparsely populated area to the East and North, is governed by seven elected school trustees.

Prince George is divided into three different provincial electoral districts: Prince George-Mount Robson represented by Shirley Bond, Prince George North represented by Pat Bell, and Prince George-Omineca represented by John Rustad. All three Members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia belong to the British Columbia Liberal Party with Rustad first being elected in 2005 and Bond and Bell in 2001. Bond has been serving as the Deputy Premier of British Columbia since 2004 and the Minister of Education since 2005, while Bell has been serving as the Minister of Agriculture and Lands since 2005.

Federally, Prince George is divided between the Cariboo—Prince George and Prince George—Peace River ridings. They are represented in the Canadian House of Commons by Conservative Party Members of Parliament Dick Harris and Jay Hill. Harris and Hill were both first elected in 1993. Harris defeated the New Democratic Party incumbent Brian Gardiner in the Prince George—Bulkley Valley riding. Hill succeeded Frank Oberle who held his riding since 1972 for the Progressive Conservative Party and served as the Minister of Science and Technology and the Minister of Forestry.

Canadian federal election, 2006 Prince George polls in Cariboo—Prince George[49]
Party		Candidate	Votes	city  %	riding %
	Conservative	Dick Harris	7452	41%	45%
	Liberal	Simon Yu	5005	28%	24%
	NDP	Alfred Trudeau	4287	24%	23%
	Green	Alex Bracewell	933	5.2%	5.5%
	Christian Heritage	Chris Kempling	133	0.7%	1.2%
	Canadian Action	Bev Collins	117	0.7%	0.6%
	First Peoples	Don Roberts	40	0.2%	0.2%
	Marxist-Leninist	Carol Lee Chapman	35	0.2%	0.2%
Turnout			18002	57%	60%

Canadian federal election, 2006 Prince George polls in Prince George—Peace River[50]
Party		Candidate	Votes	city  %	riding %
	Conservative	Jay Hill	4441	46%	60%
	NDP	Malcolm Crockett	2170	23%	17%
	Liberal	Nathan Bauder	2120	22%	16%
	Green	Hilary Crowley	748	7.8%	6.4%
	Independent	Donna Young	76	0.8%	0.9%
Turnout			9575	56%	53%

[edit] Bibliography

• Christensen, Bev (1989). Prince George: Rivers, Railways and Timber. Burlington: Windsor. ISBN 0-89781-266-2. 
• Downs, Art (1971). Paddlewheels on the Frontier one. ISBN 0888260334. 
• Leonard, Frank. A Thousand Blunders: The History of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Northern British Columbia. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-0552-8. 
• Poser, William (1999). Lheidli T'enneh Hubughunek (Lheidli T'enneh Carrier Dictionary). Prince George: Lheidli T'enneh. 
• Runnalls, Reverend Francis Edwin (1946). A History of Prince George. Prince George: the author. 
• University Women's Club of Prince George (2005). Street Names of Prince George. Prince George: College of New Caledonia Press. ISBN 0-9735092-0-1. 
• Walker, Russell. Bacon, Beans and Brave Hearts. 
• West, Willis J. (1985). Stagecoach and Sternwheeler Days in the Cariboo and Central BC. ISBN 0919214681. 

[edit] See also

• Simon Fraser (explorer)
• Weather radar in Prince George
• Monarchy in British Columbia

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• City of Prince George homepage
• Downtown Prince George
• School District 57

[[Image:|50px]]	Fort St. James	Mackenzie	Chetwynd	v • d • e [[Image:|50px]]
	Vanderhoof		McBride
		Prince George
	Finger-Tatuk Provincial Park	Quesnel	Barkerville

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Coordinates: 53°54′48.8″N, 122°45′00.7″W