Primer Congreso Constituyente del Perú de 1822

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The Primer Congreso Constituyente del Perú de 1822 (Constituent Congress of Peru of 1822) was the first institution chosen democratically in Peru. After the proclamation of the independence of Peru, in the ex-capital of the virreinato of Peru, Lima, on July 28, 1821, general José de San Martín and Matorras, assumed the political military control of the free departments of Peru, under the Protector's title, to saying of the decree of August 3, 1821. Peru had been divided in two parts, military man and administratively:

1. It files, the north and a sector of the center of the country were in hands of the patriots.

2. The south saw, the center and the Cusco, they were in realistic hands.

Then, the Protector's title was changed into that of Protector of the Freedom of Peru. The protectorate, it lasted one year and 17 days and politician had the following achievements – administrative:

1. Beginning of an administrative autonomous diet after three centuries of colonialism.

2. Possibility that the people chooses the system that more was convenient to the national interests.

3. The symbols of the homeland: the first flag and the national anthem.

4. The national currency, fiduciary sign of free economic power.

5. Basic regulation of his sistema TV/radio commercial to initiate economic relations with other countries of the world.

6. The acquisition of the first ships of war for his national square, in order to defend the acquired sovereignty, which was put supervised by viceadmiral AP Jorge Martín Guise.

7. The basic organization of his military force, to protect the internal and external safety.

8. The determination of his own educational accomplishments with the foundation of the first Normal School, as well as the first public schools of free Peru.

9. The first attempt of rescuing, of valuing and of spreading the national culture by means of the creation of the National Library.

The Protectorate, in good romance, was a dictatorship and it based on a Statute that had the following characteristics:

1. The statute of government was a corresponding emergency norm, provisionally, to a revolutionary situation for an emergent State, which had conquered his partial independence and which was trying to reach it.

2. In his declarative beginning it was of liberal court, because it was including the defense of the rights of the man, which had inspired the French revolution and the North American independence.

3. The territorial organization of the independent state based on the system departamentalista.

4. The High Chamber of Justice replaced to the Real Hearing of the virreinato and assumed the juridical and political functions of the country.

5. It proposed to create a Council of State, which would help the Protector in his government formed by several members, between whom 3 Creole counts and a Marquess would be Inca.

Other dispositions that the Protectorate of St Martin fulfilled, were:

1. In a frankly conservative measurement, St Martin respected all the qualifications of the colonial nobility, changing the denomination of Qualifications of Castile into the Qualifications of Peru.

2. The Patriotic Society of Lima remained founded, with the intention of defending the restoration of a monarchical Peruvian diet, to which St Martin was partial, but, in the practice, his members advocated the republican system.

3. The Order of the Sun was created to recognize the work of the most distinguished Peruvians and to give them a status similar to that of the Qualifications of Peru.

4. A special commission integrated by Juan García of the River and Diego Paroissien, travelled to Europe by order of St Martin, to look a prince who was coming to Peru as king. These two personages went out of Peru in December, 1821 and arrived to London in September, 1822, epoch in which it was finishing the Protectorate of St Martin.

5. The first members of the office sanmartiniano were: Juan del Río (Colombian), the Secretary of State; Bernardo de Monteagudo (Argentinian), the minister of War and Marina and Hipólito Unánue (Peruvian), the Secretary of the Treasury.

6. Prefect of Lima was nominated colonel José de la Riva Agüero and Sánchez Boquete.