Prime Minister of the Netherlands
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The prime minister of the Netherlands is the head of government of the Netherlands and is the chair of the Dutch cabinet, and, as such, coordinates the policy of the government.
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[edit] Role
Because of his or her limited powers, the prime minister is described as a primus inter pares (a first among equals). The prime minister chairs the weekly meetings of the council of ministers and he or she has the power to set the agenda of these meetings. The prime minister is also Minister of General Affairs (Minister van Algemene Zaken), which takes an important role in coordinating policy and is responsible for the Government Information Service (Dutch: Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst). The prime minister is also responsible for the royal house and has a weekly meeting with the Queen on government policy. Informally the Prime Minister also functions as the "face" of the cabinet to the public. After the meetings of the cabinet on Friday, the Prime Minister hosts a press conference on the decisions of the cabinet and current affairs. The prime minister also has some functions in international affairs, attending the European Council every six months and maintaining all kinds of bilateral contacts. The prime minister's office is the Little Tower (Het Torentje) on the Binnenhof in the Hague. The official residence (which is only used for official functions) is the Catshuis.
Conventionally, the party with the highest number of seats in the Second Chamber will initiate coalition talks after elections. This usually leads to its party leader being instituted as formator of the cabinet. After the negotiations are concluded he or she becomes prime minister. A minister from the smaller coalition party usually becomes vice prime minister of the cabinet. If there is a third party in the coalition, one of its ministers will become second vice prime minister.
[edit] History
For a list of historic Prime Ministers, see List of Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Gradually the prime minister became an official function of government leader, taken by the political leader of the largest party. Since 1848 the role of the first minister has become relevant. In that year a constitution was adopted which made ministers responsible to parliament and Kings inviolable. Before that year ministers were responsible to the King, who acted as leader of cabinet. Until 1901 the position chair of the council of ministers officially rotated between ministers. Between 1901 and 1945 the position formally still rotated but prominent politicians were able to claim a rotation period of four years. In 1937 a separate Ministry of General Affairs was instituted which was informally linked to the prime minister. In 1971-73 Barend Biesheuvel was the last prime minister who was not the political leader of the largest party in cabinet, but actually of the third largest. In 1983 the function of prime minister was laid down in the constitution.
[edit] Title
The Dutch Constitution uses Minister-President. Colloquially, Eerste Minister (First Minister, which started out as a gallicism and may now be seen as an anglicism) and Premier are also used in the Netherlands.[1]
[edit] Deputy Prime Minister
The Queen usually appoints one or two vice-premiers or deputy prime ministers. Conventionally all of the junior partners in the coalition, get one deputy, they are ranked according to the size of their respective parties. They chair the meetings of cabinet when the prime minister is not present. If the prime minister as well as the deputies are absent, the oldest member of cabinet chairs the meetings.
[edit] Netherlands Antilles and Aruba
The Prime Minister is also chairman of the cabinet of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and therefore also deals with matters affecting the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The independent cabinets of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles also have their own prime ministers -Emily de Jongh-Elhage (Netherlands Antilles) and Nelson O. Oduber (Aruba).
[edit] Note
- ^ The Dutch-speaking part of Belgium appears to prefer Eerste Minister for its head of government.
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