Pre-ejaculate
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Pre-ejaculate on a human penis
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Pre-ejaculate, a more viscous higher flow variation
Pre-ejaculate (also known as pre-ejaculatory fluid or Cowper's fluid, and colloquially as pre-cum) is the clear, colorless, viscous fluid that emits from the urethra of a man's penis when he is sexually aroused. The fluid is usually secreted by Cowper's glands during arousal, masturbation, foreplay or at an early stage during sex, some time before the man fully reaches orgasm and semen is ejaculated. The amount of fluid that the human male issues varies widely among individuals, from imperceptible amounts to a copious flow.
There have been no large-scale studies of sperm in pre-ejaculate, but some smaller-scale studies suggest that no sperm is present and thus pre-ejaculate is ineffectual at causing pregnancy.[1][2] This may account for the moderate effectiveness of coitus interruptus as a contraceptive method (failure rate of 27% for typical use and 4% for perfect use over one year).[3] It is likely, however, that pre-ejaculate which follows a recent ejaculation will contain sperm, as some ejaculate is always left in the duct after orgasm.[4]
The same studies have shown the presence of HIV, which can lead to the disease AIDS, in pre-ejaculate.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b "Researchers find no sperm in pre-ejaculate fluid" (October 1993). Contraceptive Technology Update 14 (10): 154-156. PMID 12286905.
- ^ Zukerman Z.; Weiss D.B.; Orvieto R. (April 2003). "Short Communication: Does Preejaculatory Penile Secretion Originating from Cowper's Gland Contain Sperm?". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 20 (4): 157-159. PMID 12762415.
- ^ Table of Contraceptive Efficacy
- ^ Withdrawal Method. Planned Parenthood (March 2004). Retrieved on 2006-09-01.
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