Poul Henningsen
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Poul Henningsen (September 9, 1894 – January 31, 1967), Danish author, architect and critic, was one of the leading figures of the cultural life of Denmark between the World Wars. In Denmark, he is often referred to as PH.
Poul Henningsen was the illegitimate son of author Agnes Henningsen and satirist Carl Ewald. He spent a happy childhood in a tolerant and modern home which was often visited by the leading literates. Between 1911 and 1917 he was educated as an architect, but he never graduated and tried himself as an inventor and painter.
As an architect Henningsen was one of the most eager supporters of functionalism of which he propagated. His most valuable intervention was the so-called PH-lamp (constructed 1925), a simple lamp which used the breakings of light. It created the economic fundament of his later work.
During the 1920s Poul Henningsen had his literary breakthrough. He edited the polemic left wing periodical Kritisk Revy (1926-1928, "Critical Review") in which he and his colleagues scorned old-fashioned style and cultural conservatism, linking these themes to politics. At the same time he began as a revue writer praising natural behaviour, sexual broad-mindedness and simple living. He was the man who made the Danish revues a political weapon of the left wing without giving up its character of entertainment (the so-called PH-revues 1929-32). 1933 he edited his most famous work Hvad med Kulturen? ("What About Culture?") a polemic, audacious and urgent criticism of Danish cultural life and its snobism and passion of the past in spite of all the efforts of the Modern Break-Through. He tried to make parallels between prudery, moralizing and fascist leanings and he also accused the Social Democrats of lacking a firm and consequent cultural line. This book together with his activities as a whole made him a reputation as a semi-communist ”fellow traveller”. In this period he in fact stood near the communists without joining them. He took part in the anti-fascist propaganda, always trying to connect culture and politics.
Among his other initiatives of this period was Danmarksfilmen 1935, (English: The Film of Denmark) also known as PH’s Danmarksfilm. It is an unpretentious and untraditional film portraying the life in contemporary Denmark in a lively and slightly disrespectful way in which the visuals are supported by jazz rhythms. It was condemned and torn apart by most critics but later on it has become rehabilitated as one of the classic Danish documentary films. He also wrote some movie manuscripts.
During World War II and the German Occupation of Denmark he kept a lower profile and fled to Sweden in 1943 but tried to keep the spirit going by camouflaged resistance poetry. After the war he dissociated himself from the communists who were criticizing him for flabbing humanitarianism in his attitude to the settlement with the Nazis and for his growing scepticism about the Soviet Union and in many ways he was isolated. However he kept writing and debating, and during the 1960s the new generation in many ways made him something of a guru. In his last years he became a member of the Danish Academy and supported the new movement of consumers.
In many ways Poul Henningsen is the man who completed the work of Georg Brandes. He is somewhat superficial and light but more modern and less elitist in his views. Being a tease and a provoker who often tried turning concepts upside down (like George Bernard Shaw) and whose conclusions might be both somewhat unjust and exaggerated, he was however a man of firm principles and ideals of a democratic, natural and tolerant society.
[edit] PH Quotations
- ”It sounds fine that one must not hurt other people’s feelings—but perhaps this world would be a better place to live if it were the reason that must not be hurt.”
- ”All political art is bad – all good art is political.”
- "Faith has never moved anything at all. It is doubt that moves".
- "Future comes by itself, progress does not."
References:
- Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, vol. 6. Copenh. 1980.
- Poul Hammerich: Lysmageren. En krønike om Poul Henningsen. Copenh. 1986
