Portuguese Indian rúpia
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The rúpia was the currency of Portuguese India until 1958.
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[edit] History
Before 1871, the rúpia was subdivided into 750 bazarucos, 600 réis, 20 pardao or 10 tangas, with the xerafim worth 2 rúpias. After 1871, 960 réis or 16 tangas (worth 60 réis) equalled 1 rúpia. The rúpia was equal in value to the Indian rupee. In 1958, the currency was replaced by the escudo at the rate of 1 rúpia = 6 escudos.
[edit] Coins
Goa, Damao and Diu issued their own coinages until the middle of the 19th century. Damao issued copper 3, 15, 30 and 60 réis coins until 1854 when the mint closed. Diu issued lead and tin 5 and 10 bazarucos together with tin 20 bazarucos, copper 30 and 60 réis and silver 150 and 300 réis and 1 rúpia. The Diu mint closed in 1859.
Goa issued the most diverse coinage of the three mints. In addition to tin bastardo, there were copper coins in denominations of 3, 4½, 6, 7½, 9, 10, 12 and 15 réis, ½ and 1 tanga, silver coins for ½ and 1 tanga, ½ and 1 pardao, and 1 rúpia, and gold 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 xerafins. The Goa mint was closed by the British in 1869.
Following the closure of the last local mint, coins were imported from Portugal beginning in 1871. This new coinage coincided with the reform of the subdivisions of the rúpia. Copper coins were introduced in denominations of 3, 5, 10 and 15 réis, ½ and 1 tanga. In 1881, copper ⅛ tanga and silver ⅛, ¼, ½ and 1 rúpia coins were introduced. Bronze replaced copper in 1901, whilst cupro-nickel 2 and 4 tangas were introduced in 1934, followed by ½ and 1 rúpia in 1947 and 1952, respectively.
[edit] Banknotes
The first paper money issued specifically for Portuguese India was issued by the Junta da Fazenda Publica in 1882 in denominations of 10 and 20 rúpias. These were followed in 1883 by notes issued by the General Government (Governo Geral) for 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 rúpias.
In 1906, the Banco Nacional Ultramarino took over the issuance of paper money, issuing notes for 5, 10, 20 and 50 rúpias. In 1917, notes were added for 4 and 8 tangas, 1 and 2½ rúpias. These were the only issue of tanga denominated notes, whilst the 2½ rúpia notes were issued until 1924 and the 1 rúpia until 1929. 100 and 500 rúpias notes were reintroduced in 1924.
[edit] References
- Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991, 18th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-150-1.
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues, Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors), 7th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
[edit] External links
- Don's World Coin Gallery - Portuguese India
- Ron Wise's World Paper Money - Portuguese India Mirror site
- Global Financial Data currency histories table (
Microsoft Excel format) - Indo-Portuguese Issues
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