Politics of Montenegro
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Politics of Montenegro (Serbian: Политика Црне Горе, Tr. Politika Crne Gore) takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Montenegro is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Parliament of Montenegro. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
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[edit] Constitution
The current Constitution of Montenegro was ratified and adopted by the Constitutional Parliament of Montenegro on 19 October 2007. The Constitution was officially proclaimed as the Constitution of Montenegro on 22 October 2007. This Constitution replaced the Constitution of 1992.
The new Constitution defines Montenegro as a civic, democratic and environmentally friendly country with social justice, established by the sovereign rights of its government.
[edit] Executive branch
| Office | Name | Party | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| President | Filip Vujanović | DPS CG | 22 March 2003 |
| Prime Minister | Milo Đukanović | DPS CG | 29 February 2008 |
The current Government of the Republic of Montenegro (Влада Републике Црне Горе, Vlada Republike Crne Gore) comprises the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers as well as ministers. Milo Đukanović is the Prime Minister of Montenegro and head of the Government. The ruling party in Montenegro is the coalition of Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPS) (Демократска Партија Социјалиста Црне Горе, Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crna Gore) and Socialdemocratic Party of Montenegro (SDP) (Социјалдемократска партија Црне Горе, Socijaldemokratska Partija Crne Gore).
[edit] President
The President of Montenegro is elected for a period of five years through direct and secret ballots. The President:
- Represents Montenegro in the country and abroad
- Promulgates laws
- Calls for Parliamentary elections
- Proposes to the Parliament a candidate for Prime Minister, as well as for the president and justices of the Constitutional Court
- Proposes the holding of a referendum
- Grants pardons
- Confers honors and decorations
[edit] Government
The Government of Montenegro is appointed by majority vote of the Parliament. The Government:
- Formulates and conducts foreign policy
- Adopts decrees and other regulations
- Implements laws
- Concludes international treaties
- Establishes the organization and the mode of operation of the government administration
- Performs other duties as laid down in the Constitution
[edit] Prime minister
The Prime Minister of Montenegro directs the work of the Government, and submits to the Parliament the Government's Program including a list of proposed ministers. The resignation of the Prime Minister will cause the fall of the Government.
[edit] Legislative branch
The Assembly of Montenegro (Скупштина Републике Црне Горе, Skupština Republike Crne Gore) has 77 members elected for a four year term. Montenegro has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. The Assembly passes all laws in Montenegro, ratifies international treaties, appoints the Prime Minister, ministers, and justices of all courts, adopts the budget and performs other duties as established by the Constitution. The Parliament can pass a vote of no-confidence on the Government by a majority of the members. One deputy is elected per 6,000 voters, which in turn results in a reduction of total number of deputies in the Assembly of Montenegro (the present assembly convening comprises 78 deputies instead of previous number of 71).
[edit] Political parties and elections
| Candidates | Nominators | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Filip Vujanović (Филип Вујановић) | DPS-SDP | 139,620 | 64.34 |
| Miodrag Živković (Миодраг Живковић) | Liberal Alliance of Montenegro | 68,133 | 31.4 |
| Dragan Hajduković (Драган Хајдуковић) | independent | 9,242 | 4.26 |
| Valid votes | 216,995 | 100 | |
| Total (turnout 48.32%, +1.68%) | 221,497 |
| List | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main | Albanian by-elect | ||||
| Coalition for a European Montenegro – Milo Đukanović – DPS–SDP (Коалиција за европску Црну Гору – Мило Ђукановић – ДПС-СДП) | 164,737 | 48.62 | 39 | +2 | +3 |
| Serbian List – Andrija Mandić (Српска листа – Андрија Мандић) | 49,730 | 14.68 | 12 | — | +6 |
| SNP–NS–DSS Coalition: Socialist People's Party of Montenegro, People's Party and Democratic Serb Party (СНП–НС–ДСС – коалиција: Социјалистичка народна партија Црне Горе, Народна странка и Демократска српска странка) | 47,683 | 14.07 | 11 | — | –13 |
| Movement for Changes – Nebojša Medojević (Покрет за промјене – Небојша Медојевић) | 44,483 | 13.13 | 11 | — | +11 |
| Liberals and Bosniak Party – Correct in the Past, Right for the Future – Miodrag Miko Živković ("Либерали и Бошњачка странка – Исправни у прошлости, прави за будућност" – Миодраг Мико Живковић) | 12,748 | 3.76 | 3 | — | +3 |
| Coalition Democratic Alliance in Montenegro–Party of Democratic Prosperity – Mehmet Bardhi ("Коалиција: Демократски савез у Црној Гори–Партија демократског просперитета – Мехмед Бардхи") | 4,373 | 1.29 | 0 | +1 | ±0 |
| Democratic Union of Albanians – Ferhat Dinoša (Демократска унија Албанаца - Ферхат Диноша) | 3,693 | 1.09 | 0 | +1 | ±0 |
| Civic List (Грађанска листа) | 2,906 | 0.86 | 0 | — | –1 |
| Albanian Alternative ("Албанска алтернатива") | 2,656 | 0.78 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
| League of Communists of Yugoslavia – Communists of Montenegro (Савез комуниста Југославије – Комунисти Црне Горе) | 2,343 | 0.69 | — | — | — |
| New Democratic Force - FORCA (Нова демократска снага - ФОРЦА) | 2,197 | 0.65 | — | — | — |
| Democratic Party of Montenegro – The Part That You Miss ("Демократска странка Црне Горе – Дио који недостаје") | 1,286 | 0.38 | — | — | — |
| Valid votes | 338,833 | 100 | 76 | +5 | +6 |
| Total (turnout 71.37%; -6.1%) | 345,730 | ||||
[edit] Judicial branch
Montenegro follows the principle of division of powers. Its judicial, legislative, and executive branches are independent of each other. The judiciary is autonomous and independent. The rulings of the courts must be in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of Montenegro. Appointment to a judiciary position is permanent.
[edit] Subdivisions
Montenegro is divided in 21 municipalities.
[edit] Symbols
A new official flag of Montenegro was adopted on July 12, 2004 by the Montenegrin legislature. The new flag is based on the personal standard of King Nikola I of Montenegro. This flag was all red with a gold border, a gold coat of arms, and the initials "НИ" in Cyrillic script (corresponding to NI in Latin script) representing King Nikola I. These initials are omitted from the modern flag.
The national day of 13 July marks the date in 1878 when the Congress of Berlin recognised Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world and the start of the first popular uprising in Europe against the Axis Powers on 13 July 1941 in Montenegro.
In 2004, the Montenegrin legislature selected a popular Montenegrin folk song, "Oh the Bright Dawn of May", as the national anthem. Montenegro's official anthem during the reign of King Nikola was Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori (To our beautiful Montenegro). The music was composed by the King's son Knjaz Mirko. The Montenegrin popular anthem has been Onamo, 'namo! since King Nikola I wrote it in the 1860s.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Parliament of Montenegro
- Government of Montenegro
- President of Montenegro
- The Njegoskij Fund Public Project >> Country Profile on Montenegro
