Politics of Burkina Faso
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Politics of Burkina Faso takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Burkina Faso is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The party system is dominated by the Congress for Democracy and Progress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
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[edit] Political history
In 1990, the Popular Front held its first National Congress, which formed a committee to draft a national constitution. The constitution was approved by referendum in 1991. In 1992, Blaise Compaoré was elected president, running unopposed after the opposition boycotted the election because of Compaoré's refusal to accede to demands of the opposition such as a sovereign National Conference to set modalities. The opposition did participate in the following year's legislative elections, in which the ODP/MT won a majority of seats.
The government of the Fourth Republic includes a strong presidency, a prime minister, a Council of Ministers presided over by the president, a two-chamber National Assembly, and the judiciary. The legislature and judiciary are independent but remain susceptible to outside influence.
In 1995, Burkina held its first multiparty municipal elections since independence. With minor exceptions, balloting was considered free and fair by the local human rights organizations which monitored the contest. The president's ODP/MT won over 1,100 of some 1,700 councillor seats being contested.
In February 1996, the ruling ODP/MT merged with several small opposition parties to form the Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP). This effectively co-opted much of what little viable opposition to Compaoré existed. The remaining opposition parties regrouped in preparation for 1997 legislative elections and the 1998 presidential election. The 1997 legislative elections, which international observers pronounced to be substantially free, fair, and transparent, resulted in a large CDP majority--101 to 111 seats.
[edit] Government
[edit] Executive branch
| Office | Name | Party | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| President | Blaise Compaoré | CDP | 15 October 1987 |
| Prime Minister | Tertius Zongo | 4 June 2007 |
The president is elected by popular vote for a seven-year term and may serve unlimited terms. The prime minister is appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature. The constitution of June 2, 1991, established a semi-presidential government with a parliament (Assemblée) which can be dissolved by the President of the Republic, who is elected for a term of 5 years. The year 2000 saw a constitutional amendment reducing the presidential term from 7 to 5 years, which was enforced during the 2005 elections. Another change according to the amendment would have prevented sitting president Blaise Compaoré from being re-elected. However, notwithstanding a challenge by other presidential candidates, in October 2005, the constitutional council ruled that because Compaoré was already a sitting president in 2000, the amendment would not apply to him until the end of his second term in office, thereby clearing the way for his candidacy in the 2005 election. On November 13 Compaoré was reelected in a landslide due to a divided political opposition.
[edit] Legislative branch
The National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) has 111 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation.
[edit] Political parties and elections
| Candidates - Nominating parties | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| Blaise Compaoré - Congress for Democracy and Progress (Congrès pour la Démocratie et le Progrès) | 1,660,148 | 80.35 |
| Bénéwendé Stanislas Sankara - Union for Rebirth/Sankarist Movement (Union pour la Renaissance/Mouvement Sankariste) | 100,816 | 4.88 |
| Laurent Bado - National Rebirth Party (Parti de la Renaissance Nationale) | 53,743 | 2.60 |
| Philippe Ouédraogo - Party for Democracy and Socialism (Parti pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme) | 47,146 | 2.28 |
| Ram Ouédraogo - Rally of the Ecologists of Burkina | 42,061 | 2.04 |
| Ali Lankoandé - Party for Democracy and Progress/Socialist Party (Parti pour la Démocratie et le Progrès/Parti Socialiste) | 35,949 | 1.74 |
| Norbert Tiendrébéogo - Social Forces Front (Front des Forces Sociales) | 33,353 | 1.61 |
| Soumane Touré - African Independence Party (Parti Africain de l’Indépendance) | 23,266 | 1.13 |
| Gilbert Bouda - Burkinabé Party for Recasting | 21,658 | 1.05 |
| Pargui Emile Paré - Socialist Alliance | 17,998 | 0.87 |
| Hermann Yaméogo - National Union for the Defense of Democracy | 15,685 | 0.76 |
| Toubé Clément Dakio - Union for Democracy and Development | 7,741 | 0.37 |
| Nayabtigungu Congo Kaboré - Movement for Tolerance and Progress | 6,706 | 0.32 |
| Total (Turnout 57.7 %) | 2,066,270 | 100.0 |
| Invalid votes | 196,629 | |
| Total votes | 2,262,899 | |
| Registered Voters | 3,924,328 |
| Parties | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congress for Democracy and Progress (Congrès pour la Démocratie et le Progrès) | 1,373,230 | 58.9 | 73 | +16 |
| Alliance for Democracy and Federation–African Democratic Rally | 249,768 | 10.7 | 14 | –3 |
| Union for the Republic (Union pour la République) | 100,392 | 4.3 | 5 | +5 |
| Union for Rebirth/Sankarist Movement (Union pour la Renaissance/Mouvement Sankariste) | 90,788 | 3.9 | 4 | +1 |
| Convention of the Democratic Forces of Burkina (Convention des Forces Démocratiques de Burkina) | 54,621 | 2.3 | 3 | +3 |
| Union of Sankarist Parties (Union des Partis Sankarist) | 40,609 | 1.7 | 2 | +2 |
| Party for Democracy and Progress/Socialist Party (Parti pour la Démocratie et le Progrès/Parti Socialiste) | 423,820 | 18.1 | 2 | –8 |
| Rally for the Development of Burkina (Rassemblement pour le Développement du Burkina) | 2 | +2 | ||
| Party for Democracy and Socialism (Parti pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme) | 2 | ±0 | ||
| National Rebirth Party (Parti de la Renaissance Nationale) | 1 | –3 | ||
| African Independence Party (Parti Africain de l'Indépendance) | 1 | –4 | ||
| Citizen’s Popular Rally (Rassemblement Populaire des Citoyens) | 1 | +1 | ||
| Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Union pour la Démocratie et le Progrès Social) | 1 | +1 | ||
| Total (turnout 56.4%) | 2,520,488 | 111 | ||
| Source: African Elections Database | ||||
[edit] Political pressure groups
Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or HBDHP; Group of 14 February; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities
[edit] Administrative divisions
Burkina Faso is divided into 13 regions and 45 provinces:
Regions: Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest
Provinces: Balé, Bam, Banwa, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Comoe, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Ioba, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komondjari, Kompienga, Kossi, Koulpelogo, Kouritenga, Kourweogo, Leraba, Loroum, Mouhoun, Namentenga, Nahouri, Nayala, Noumbiel, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Tuy, Yagha, Yatenga, Ziro, Zondoma, Zoundweogo
[edit] International organization participation
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ITUC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
[edit] International Relationships
The current ambassador of Burkina Faso to Canada is Juliette Bonkoungou.
The former ambassador of Burkina Faso to the United States was Tertius Zongo, he left his post when appointed Prime Minister in July 2007; the US Ambassador to Burkina Faso is Jeanine Jackson.
