Plumbush
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Plumbush | |
|---|---|
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
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| Location: | Cold Spring, NY |
| Nearest city: | Beacon |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Area: | 9 acres (4 ha) |
| Built/Founded: | 1865[1] |
| Architect: | George E. Harney |
| Architectural style(s): | Gothic Revival |
| Designated as NHL: | 1992 |
| NRHP Reference#: | 82005386 |
| Governing body: | Private business |
Plumbush is the former house and farm of Robert Parker Parrott, the inventor of the Parrott gun. It is located at the junction of NY 9D and Peekshill Road south of Cold Spring, New York, United States.
It was built for Parrott by local architect George E. Harney in 1865, when he had taken over as superintendent of the nearby West Point Foundry. It is today a bed and breakfast and restaurant. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1992, due to its association with Parrott and Harney's interpretation of patterns by Andrew Jackson Downing.
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[edit] Building
The main Plumbush building is one of four located on a nine-acre (12 ha) parcel backed by Cold Spring Cemetery, the remnant of Parrott's original 65-acre (26 ha) farm. It was named Plumbush after another nearby farm by its original owner, Agnes Shewan, later the Marquise Agnes Rizzo dei Ritii, in the early 19th century.[2] One of the other buildings, a wood house, is also considered a contributing resource to the historic value of the property.[1]
Harney's house consists of three rectangular sections, which remain largely intact today. The two-story 23 by 33-foot (7 by 10 m) main block is topped with a hipped roof shingled in patterned slate. A veranda with rounded corner is wrapped around the south and west sides. The other original sections are the 15-foot (5 m) square east wing and a one-story wing with gabled roof. Two other wings, added when the house was converted into a restaurant, are concealed from view and designed so as not to detract from the house's overall character.[1]
Much of the original fenestration and ornamentation remains. Newer additions, such as a wrought-iron spiral staircase between the veranda and the second floor has, as with the additions, been designed to be sympathetic with what already exists.[1]
[edit] Outbuildings
Three other buildings share Plumbush's lot. One, the former wood house, remains true enough to its original design to be considered a contributing resource. Its roof comes to a cupola that itself has a flat roof. The interior has been substantially renovated so that it serves as a residence.[1]
The former carriage house, which now serves as a garage is probably original to the property but has undergone extensive renovation and no longer retains its original integrity. A larger house near the rear of the property was built in the mid-20th century.[1]
[edit] Aesthetic
Harney built the house along Picturesque lines, suggested by patterns in books by the influential Andrew Jackson Downing, who had lived in Newburgh, just up the river, until his death in an 1852 steamboat explosion. Although only one building by Downing survives,[3] his pattern books influenced many mid-19th century Gothic Revival and Carpenter Gothic cottages in the Hudson Valley and elsewhere.[1]
Downing advocated rural cottages that were harmonious with the local natural environment, a "local fitness and an intimate relationship with the soil it stands upon" rather than challenging it as the blocky Federal and Greek Revival homes of the earlier century had. Harney carefully adapted the house to the site, in accordance with Downing's philosophies, putting the veranda next to a grove of trees and making sure the nearby Hudson River and the Hudson Highlands beyond could be seen from the upper windows.[1]
The house itself shows Downing's influence in the irregularity and assymetry of its three main blocks. The varied rooflines, truncated and cross gables, large veranda and chimneys decorated with medieval crosses are also found in many of Downing's patterns.[1]
In 1870 Harney published a book of his own, Barns, Outbuildings and Fences, with the original plans and sketches for Plumbush. His designs show the clear influence of some of the patterns shown in Downing's The Architecture of Country Houses.[1]
[edit] History
Parrott, one of the earliest settlers of Cold Spring and a graduate of the nearby United States Military Academy at West Point, served as the foundry's inspector general for the Army during the Civil War. After it ended, foundry owner Gouverneur Kemble persuaded him to resign from the Army and take over as superintendent of the foundry.[1]
He married Kemble's sister and moved into Plumbush. After his death in 1877, little is known of Plumbush' history or ownership until the restaurant was opened in 1971.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Kuhn, Robert (October 1991). National Register of Historic Places nomination, Plumbush. Retrieved on 2008-05-24.
- ^ About Plumbush Inn & Restaurant. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. “Plumbush Inn, once the home of Marquise Agnes Rizzo dei Ritii, the American born Agnes Shewan, was built in the first half of the nineteenth century. It takes its name from a farm once located south of the spot.”
- ^ Half of Downing's cottage from Matthew Vassar's Springside in Poughkeepsie is on display at the New York State Museum in Albany.
[edit] External links
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