Pliosaur
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| Pliosaur Fossil range: Rhaetian to Turonian |
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The Pliosaurs ("more lizards") were marine reptiles from the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. They originally included members of the family Pliosauridae, of the Order Plesiosauria, but several other genera and families are now also included; the number and details of which vary according to the classification used. The name is derived from Greek: πλειω from the verb 'to sail' or πλειων meaning 'fin' and σαυρος meaning 'lizard'. The pliosaurs, along with their relatives, the true plesiosaurs, and other members of Sauropterygia, were not dinosaurs.
This group was characterised by having a short neck and an elongated head, in contrast to the long-necked plesiosaurs. They were more crocodile-shaped. However, the four-paddle swimming action, using the large flipper-like limbs was shared with plesiosaurs and they were possibly better adapted to deeper waters. They were carnivorous and their long and powerful jaws carried many sharp, conical teeth. Pliosaurs range from 4 to 15 meters in length.[1][2] Their prey may have included fish, ichthyosaurs and other plesiosaurs.
Typical genera include Macroplata, Kronosaurus, Liopleurodon, Pliosaurus and Peloneustes. Fossil specimens have been found in England, Mexico, South America, Australia and the Arctic region near Norway.
Many very early (from the Rhaetian (Latest Triassic) and Early Jurassic) primitive pliosaurs were very like plesiosaurs in appearance and indeed used to be included in the family Plesiosauridae.
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[edit] Taxonomy
The taxonomy presented here is mainly based on the plesiosaur cladistic analysis proposed by O'Keefe in 2001.[3]
- Suborder: †Pliosauroidea Welles, 1943 sensu O'Keefe, 2001
- ? †Bishanopliosaurus Dong, 1980
- ? †Megalneusaurus Knight, 1898
- ? †Pachycostasaurus Cruickshank, Martill & Noe, 1996
- ? †Sinopliosaurus G. Young, 1820
- †Thalassiodracon Storrs & Taylor, 1996
- †Archaeonectrus Novozhilov, 1964
- †Attenborosaurus Bakker, 1993
- †Eurycleidus Andrews, 1922
- Family: †Rhomaleosauridae (Nopsca, 1928) Kuhn, 1961 sensu O'Keefe,2001
- †Umoonasaurus Kear, Schroeder & Lee, 2006
- ? †Yuzhoupliosaurus Zhang, 1985
- ? †Hexatarostinus
- †Rhomaleosaurus Seeley, 1874
- †Simolestes Andrews, 1909
- Family: †Leptocleididae White, 1940
- †Leptocleidus Andrews, 1922
- Family: †Pliosauridae Seeley, 1874 sensu O'Keefe, 2001
- ? †Plesiopleurodon Carpenter, 1996
- ? †Polyptychodon Non Owen, 1841
- ? †Maresaurus Gasparini, 1997
- †Macroplata Swinton, 1930
- †Hauffiosaurus O’Keefe, 2001
- †Kronosaurus Longman, 1924
- †Peloneustes Lydekker, 1889
- †Liopleurodon Sauvage, 1873
- †Brachauchenius Williston, 1903
- †Pliosaurus Owen, 1841
[edit] References
- ^ zoom dinosaurs
- ^ Sea reptile is biggest on record. BBC News, February 27, 2008.
- ^ O'Keefe, F. R. 2001. A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). Acta Zoologica Fennica 213: 1-63.
