Platypleura divisa
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Platypleura divisa (Germar, 1834), is an African cicada first described by Ernst Friedrich Germar, entomologist and professor of mineralogy at Halle, who also studied beetles.
The genus Platypleura occurs widely across Africa and southern Asia. Some of the South African species are remarkable for their endothermic thermoregulation that enables crepuscular signalling, an adaptation that reduces risk of predation and enables a greater range for their calls. In field experiments their maximum body temperature while calling at dusk, was measured at 22°C above ambient temperature.[1]
Platypleura divisa is even more noteworthy in that it has been collected only from one species of foodplant, the small tree Maytenus heterophylla. [2] The closely related coastal species P. maytenophila shares its strong bond with Maytenus heterophylla, but is distinguishable by a quite different call.
The Platypleurini are distributed from the Cape in South Africa, throughout sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, through India and south East Asia, to Japan[3]. The faunas of West Africa and Madagascar are distinctive, while those of southern and east Africa resemble the Asian group. Endothermy occurs in several large-bodied South American and South African species, but not in related small-bodied species.[4]
[edit] List of Platypleura (Amyot & Serville, 1843) species
- Platypleura affinis
- Platypleura afzelii Stål, 1854
- Platypleura albigera Walker 1850 - Western Cape, Eastern Cape
- Platypleura albivannata Hayashi, 1974 - Japan
- Platypleura andamana Distant, 1878 - Andaman Islands
- Platypleura arabica Myers - United Arab Emirates[5]
- Platypleura argentata Villet, 1987 - Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
- Platypleura arminops (Noualhier 1896) - Thailand[6]
- Platypleura assamensis Atkinson, 1884 - Jalpaiguri
- Platypleura auropilosa (Kato 1940) - Thailand[7]
- Platypleura basimacula Walker 1850 - Kwazulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, Northwest Province, Free State, Mozambique, Zimbabwe
- Platypleura basi-viridis - India[8]
- Platypleura bettoni Distant, 1904
- Platypleura bombifrons Karsch 1890 - Mpumalanga, Northern Province, Zimbabwe
- Platypleura brevis Walker, 1850 - Kwazulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi
- Platypleura brunea Villet, 1989a - Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Platypleura canescens Walker, 1870 - East Timor
- Platypleura capensis (Linnaeus, 1764) - Western Cape and Eastern Cape, South Africa on Metalasia muricata, Brachylaena discolor
- Platypleura capitata Olivier, 1790
- Platypleura centralis Distant, 1897
- Platypleura cercophora H.A. Thomsen, 1983
- Platypleura chalybaea Villet, 1989a - Eastern Cape, South Africa on Euphorbia triangularis
- Platypleura ciliaris Linnaeus, 1758
- Platypleura clara Amyot & Serville, 1843
- Platypleura daempferi Fabricius
- Platypleura deusta (Thunberg, 1822) - Mpumalanga, Kwazulu-Natal and Lesotho, South Africa on Leucosidea sericea, Cliffortia
- Platypleura divisa (Germar, 1834) - Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Cape, South Africa on Maytenus heterophylla
- Platypleura fenestrata Uhler 1862a[9]
- Platypleura fulvigera (Walker, 1850)
- Platypleura gowdeyi Distant, 1914 - South Africa on Acacia gerrardii
- Platypleura haglundi Stål, 1866 - Northwest Province, Free State, Northern Province, Gauteng, Mpumalanga and Kwazulu-Natal, to Zimbabwe, Southern Africa on Acacia karroo, Acacia, Dichrostachys cinerea
- Platypleura hilpa (Walker, 1850)
- Platypleura hirta Karsch, 1890 - Northern Province, Gauteng and Mpumalanga
- Platypleura hirtipennis (Germar, 1834)- Eastern Cape, South Africa on Acacia karroo
- Platypleura infundibuliformis B.S.C. Leadbeater & H.A. Thomsen, 2000[10] - Kattegat, Baltic Sea
- Platypleura kaempferi (Fabricius) - Japan
- Platypleura kceupferi
- Platypleura kuroiwae Matsumura, 1917 - Japan
- Platypleura laticlavia Stål, 1858 - Northwest Province, Northern Province, Northern Cape, Botswana, Namibia
- Platypleura limbata
- Platypleura lindiana Distant, 1905
- Platypleura lyricen Kirkaldy
- Platypleura machadoi Boulard 1972[11]
- Platypleura marshalli Distant, 1897
- Platypleura maytenophila Villet, 1987 - Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa on Maytenus heterophylla
- Platypleura mijburghi Villet, 1989a - Gauteng, Mpumalanga and Northern Province, South Africa
- Platypleura mira (Distant 1904) - Thailand[12]
- Platypleura miyakona Matsumura, 1917 - Japan
- Platypleura murchisoni Distant, 1905e - Mpumalanga
- Platypleura nigrolinea De Geer, 1773 = P. stridula
- Platypleura nobilis Germar, 1830 - Thailand[13]
- Platypleura octoguttata Fabricius
- Platypleura perforata H.A. Thomsen
- Platypleura plumosa (Germar, 1834) - Eastern Cape, South Africa on Acacia karroo
- Platypleura poeyl (Guér.)
- Platypleura punctigera Walker 1850 - Kwazulu-Natal, Eastern Cape
- Platypleura quadraticollis Butler 1874 - Mpumalanga, Northern Province, Botswana, Zimbabwe
- Platypleura rutherfordi Distant, 1883
- Platypleura signifera Walker, 1850 - Eastern Cape
- Platypleura sobrina Stål, 1866
- Platypleura stridula (Linnaeus, 1758) - Western Cape, South Africa on Salix
- Platypleura sylvia Distant 1899 - Mpumalanga
- Platypleura techowi - Northern Cape, Free State, Northwest Province, Northern Province and Mpumalanga
- Platypleura turneri Boulard, 1975a - Western Cape
- Platypleura wahlbergi Stål, 1855 - Eastern Cape and Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa on Acacia karroo
- Platypleura watsoni (Distant 1897) - Thailand
- Platypleura westwoodi Stål, 1863
- Platypleura yayeyamana Matsumara,1917 - Japan[14]
- Platypleura zuluensis Villet 1987 - Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Kwazulu-Natal
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.springerlink.com/content/94wke87u9ny94vdh/ Endothermy in African platypleurine cicadas July, 2003
- ^ doi:10.1016/S0306-4565(03)00013-5
- ^ Platypleurini, cicadas
- ^ pers. comm. prof Martin Villet, Rhodes University
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=6PTl3wUEJtgC&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=%22platypleura+arabica%22&source=web&ots=iLuIQLjr3w&sig=Dbbd9xC9JyToVdlS-MlNhqBhjVw
- ^ View Handout
- ^ View Handout
- ^ Platypleura basi-viridis (No common name)
- ^ http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/fe82p34.pdf
- ^ Checlist of Baltic Sea Phytoplankton Species
- ^ http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/fe82p34.pdf
- ^ View Handout
- ^ View Handout
- ^ ヤエヤマニイニイの写真
[edit] External links
- Taxonomy
- Japanese site
- List of Homoptera in Swedish Museum of Natural History
- An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna - M.S. Moulds
- The Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of South Africa (Villet)
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