Placement exam
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In many countries, including the United States, it is not unusual for students to take a placement exam in a subject such as mathematics upon entering middle or high school to determine what level of classes they should take. Typically, students are then placed on a tracking system determined by the class they are approved to enter - for example, if a student takes Algebra 1 their freshman year in high school, they will then take Geometry the year after, and Algebra 2 the year after that; if a student takes Geometry their freshman year, they take Algebra 2 the year after that, and so on.
In addition, American universities often offer placement exams in such subjects as mathematics, foreign languages, and music theory to students whose knowledge in that area is more advanced than what a typical entering freshman's would be in those subjects. Scores on such exams as the Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, SAT Subject Tests, and British Advanced Level exams can also serve as placement tests for students in certain subjects, where a high score would enable them to get into a more advanced class than what a freshman would normally take.