Pishobury
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Pishobury or Pishiobury was the second great estate in medieval Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire.
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[edit] History
This sub-manor of Pishobury originated in a grant of 74 libartes of land within the Manor of Sawbridgeworth, which Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, who died in 1144, made to Warin FitzGerold (died 1216) and Henry FitzGerold (died after 1217) to hold by service of one Knight for each 20 libartes. Henry survived his brother, but his niece Margaret FitzGerold/FitzWarin inherited Pishobury. She had married in 1200 Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon, and in 1228 she levied a fine with William de Saye by which it was agreed that William and his heirs were to have free warren, a hunting right, throughout Sawbridgeworth.
The successive Lords of the manor of Pishobury had local hunting rights and their own park, too. In 1248 William de Say granted the heiress of Pishobury, Margaret FitzGerold/FitzeWarin, wife of Baldwin de Redvers, the right of free hunting on her own estate with dogs, birds or nets, and free fishing in the river where it joined her lands; in return she recognized the de Says' right to have free warren over the whole Sawbridgeworth, including Pishobury. This right still exists today.
This agreement shows how the right of other manors developed out of the original manorial powers of John, Lord Robert Lisle's son, kept twelve acres of underwood from the land called Vodeleye; the park of Gedelesho and Gedelesho Wood (Gilston) and its keeper are mentioned, so presumably this was the manorial park. That the estate had some boundary fence or bank marking it off from neighbouring land is suggested by a reference to a house, on the left hand side within the second gare, which contained two chambres for habitation. Some idea of the size of Pishobury estate emerges from the long lease which Richard, Lord Scrope of Bolton, granted to John Chauncy in 1400. The property then consisted of 319 1/2 acres of arable, 58 acres of pasture and 36 acres of meadow - houses and an orchard. In 1534, Lord Scrope, sold the manor to Henry VIII of England who granted it to Anne Boleyn; an extend made at this time once again describes the estate. The perimeter of the park was nearly two miles; it was well wooded with game, deer and rabbits, and there was a lodge on one side for the keeper: could this have been the house within the second gate of 1343? There was a moated house within the park with stabling for twenty horses. The house was described as "somewhat fallen into decay"; it was replaced in 1585 by a new house built by Sir Walter Mildmay. Chauncy described it as a "very neat and fair Pile of building for the Manor-house, upon a rising Ground in the Vale near the River Stort, lately converted into a Paddock for Deer, adorned in the Front thereof with a fair Bowling Green, raised about five Foot high, enclosed with a Brick Wall top with stone, and balls upon it, and two fair walks planted with trees; each walk extending about four Furlongs in length from the house to the road; where it is observable that there is no dust in summer, nor no dirt winter, a clear description of the setting of an Elizabethan house in its ground. The house was remodelled or rebuilt for Jeremiah Milles by James Wyatt in 1782-84, the house as it was illustrated in Neale's Views of Seats 1st ser. iv (1821, illustration, right).[1]
[edit] Lords of the manor
Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, who died in 1144, made the sub-manor of Pishobury originated in a grant of 74 libartes of land within the main Manor of Sawbridgeworth to Warin FitzGerold and Henry FitzGerold, to hold by service of one Knight for each 20 libartes.
Henry survived his brother, but his niece Margaret FitzWarin (Gerold) inherited Pishobury. She married in 1200 Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon.
Margaret was succeeded at Pishobury by her son, also Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon, on whose death without issue, his widow Countess Margaret de Savoy had livery of the Manor until her death in 1292. It then passed to Earl Baldwin's sister Isabella de Redvers, Countess of Abalina, who died the following year and was succeeded at Pishobury by her daughter Abalina de Fortibus, wife of Edmund Earl of Lancaster, second son to King Edward I of England. Her cousin, Hugh de Courtnay, great-great grandson of William de Redvers was her heir, but Warin de Lisle claimed Pishobury in right of his son Robert de Lisl and was successful in 1310 (Henry Fitzgerald's daughter Alice was married with Robert de Lisle).
Robert de Lisle was summoned as Lord Lisle in 1311 and on his death in 1343 was succeeded by his grandson John Lord Lisle who died in 1356. Robert de Lisle was succeeded by his son William Lord Lisl who in 1393 granted Pishobury to Lord Scrope of Bolton.
It remained in the Scopes, until 1534 when John 8th Lord Scrope sold it King Henry VIII of England, who annexed it to the Royal Honour of Hudson. An extend of the Manor, probably for the King at about this time, describes the park at Pishobury to be nearly two miles in circumference, well wooded and supllied with game, deer and foxes.
Pishobury was also enjoyed for a short period by Anne Boleyn on whose execution it reverted to the Crown. Kind Edward IV of England granted it to a gentleman of the Chamber and in 1555 it was held by Thomas Mildmay, whose son, Sir Walter Mildmay, began the present house in 1585. In 1611, Sir Thomas Mildmay passed Pishobury Manor to Lord Lionel Cranfield and the descent of the sub-infeudation then follows the same route as the capital manor described above.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Howard Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840 3rd ed. (1995):"James Wyatt".
