Pilsen

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For the Pilsen neighborhood of Chicago, see Pilsen, Chicago.

Coordinates: 49°44′51″N 13°22′39″E / 49.7475, 13.3775

Pilsen (Plzeň)

City

View at center with St. Bartholomew Cathedral

Flag	Coat of arms

Motto: In hoc signo vinces

Country

Parts

Rivers

Mže, Radbuza, Úhlava, Úslava, Berounka

Center

Náměstí Republiky

- elevation

310 m (1,017 ft)

- coordinates

49°44′51″N 13°22′39″E / 49.7475, 13.3775

Highest point

- elevation

452 m (1,483 ft)

Lowest point

Berounka River

- location

NE edge of the city

- elevation

293 m (961 ft)

Area

137.65 km² (53.15 sq mi)

Population

163,362 (2006)

Density

1,187 /km² (3,074 /sq mi)

First documented

976

Mayor

Pavel Rödl

Postal code

301 00 – 326 00

Location in the Czech Republic

Wikimedia Commons: Pilsen

Website: www.plzen-city.cz

Pilsen
Municipality with Extended Competence
Country	Czech Republic
Region	Pilsen
Parts	2 - Pilsen - Starý Plzenec
Area	261.47 km² (100.95 sq mi)
Population	178,064 (2005-31-12)
Density	681 /km² (1,764 /sq mi)

Pilsen
Municipality with Commissioned Local Authority
Country	Czech Republic
Region	Pilsen
Little District	Pilsen
Municipalities	4 - Dýšina - Chrást - Kyšice - Pilsen
Area	164.94 km² (63.68 sq mi)
Population	166,717 (2005-12-31)
Density	1,011 /km² (2,618 /sq mi)

Pilsen (Czech: Plzeň, [ˈpl̩.zɛɲ] (help·info); German: Pilsen; Plzeň or Plzen are also used in English) is a city in western Bohemia in the Czech Republic. It is the capital of the Plzeň Region and the fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic. It is located about 90 km west of Prague at the confluence of four rivers (Radbuza, Mže, Úhlava, and Úslava) which form the Berounka River.

Pilsen is also the seat of the Municipality with Extended Competence and Municipality with Commissioned Local Authority. The city is known world wide for the Pilsener beer.

1 History
2 Education and economy
3 Tourism
4 Transport
5 Sport
6 Famous people
7 Twin cities
8 Notes
9 External links

[edit] History

Pilsen was first mentioned as a castle in 976, as the scene of a battle between Duke Boleslaus II of Bohemia and Emperor Otto II. It became a town in 1295 when King Wenceslaus II granted Pilsen its civic charter and established a new town site, located some 10 km away from the original settlement, which is the current town of Starý Plzenec. It quickly became an important town on trade routes leading to Nuremberg and Regensburg; in the 14th century, it was the third-largest town in Bohemia after Prague and Kutná Hora. During the Hussite Wars, it was the centre of Catholic resistance to the Hussites: Prokop the Great unsuccessfully besieged it three times, and it joined the league of Romanist nobles against King George of Podebrady. In 1468, the town acquired a printing press; the Troyan Chronicle, the first book published in Bohemia, was printed on it.

Emperor Rudolf II made Pilsen his seat from 1599-1600. During the Thirty Years' War the town was taken by Mansfeld in 1618 after the Siege of Plzeň and it was not recaptured by the Imperial troops until 1621. Wallenstein made it his winter-quarters in 1633. The town was unsuccessfully besieged by the Swedes in 1637 and 1648.

At the end of the 17th century, the architecture of Pilsen began to be influenced by the Baroque style. The historic city center has been under historic preservation since 1989.

On May 6, 1945, at the very end of World War II, Pilsen was liberated from Nazi Germany by the 16th Armored Division of General Patton's 3rd Army. Also participating in the liberation of the city were elements of the 97th and 2nd Infantry Divisions. Other Third Army units liberated major portions of Western Bohemia. The rest of Czechoslovakia was liberated from German control by the Soviet Red Army. Elements of Third Army remained in Plzen until late November 1945 assisting the Czechs with re-building from the war. After seizing power in 1948, the Communists undertook a systematic campaign to suppress all acknowledgement of the U.S. Army's role in liberating the city and Western Bohemia. This effort continued until 1989 when the Communists were removed from power. Since 1990, the city of Plzen has organized annual Liberation Festival taking place in May, which has already become a local tradition, and has been attended by many American and Allied veterans.

In 1953, the totalitarian, Soviet-oriented Czechoslovak government launched a currency reform. This decision caused a wave of discontent throughout the society, while the events in Pilsen were more intense.

[edit] Education and economy

Pilsen is a centre of academic, business, and cultural life for the western part of the Czech Republic. The University of West Bohemia in Pilsen is quite known for its School of Law, School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Applied Science in particular.

Since the second half of the 1990s the city has experienced high growth in foreign investments.

Pilsen produces approximately two-thirds of the Pilsen Region GDP, even though it contains only 29.8% of its population. [1] Based on these figures, the city of Pilsen has a total GDP of approximately $7.2 billion, and a per-capita GDP of $44,000. While part of this is explained by commuters (people who work in the city, but live elsewhere) it is one of the most prosperous cities in the Czech Republic.

The Škoda company, established in Pilsen in 1859, has been an important part of the Austro-Hungarian, Czechoslovak and Czech engineering. The company's production had been directed to the needs of the Eastern Bloc, and after the Velvet Revolution, it consequently ran into selling problems and debts. After huge restructuring process it has just two principal subsidiaries: Škoda Transportation (locomotives, tube-trains or trams, since sold to Portland, Tacoma, Seattle and Sardinia) and Škoda Power (turbines).

Many foreign companies now own manufacturing bases in Pilsen including Daikin and Panasonic. There has been much discussion of redeveloping those large areas of the Škoda plant which the company no longer uses.

Pilsen also has the biggest brewery (Pilsner Urquell) and the biggest distillery (Stock) in the Czech Republic.

[edit] Tourism

The most prominent sights of Pilsen are the Gothic St. Bartholomew's Cathedral, founded in the late 13th century, the tower of which (102.26 m / 335 ft) is the highest in the Czech Republic, the Renaissance Town Hall, and the Moorish Revival Great Synagogue in Pilsen, the second largest synagogue in Europe, after the Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest. There is also a 20km historic underground tunnel/cellar network, among the longest in Central Europe. Part of this network is open to the public for tours of approximately 750 metres in length and up to a depth of 12 metres.

Pilsen is also well-known for the Pilsner Urquell (since 1842) and Gambrinus (since 1869) breweries, currently owned by South African breweries. A popular tourist attraction is the Plzeňský Prazdroj brewery tour where visitors can discover the history of beer. The pilsener style of beer was developed in Pilsen in the 19th century.