Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux (Paris 1727 — Paris 1793) was a pioneering French neoclassical architect.

Though he did not gain the Prix de Rome that was the dependable gateway to a prominent French career in architecture,^[1] his fellow-student Charles de Wailly invited him to share his prize. In Rome, from September 1754 to December 1756, half the customary three years, they were exposed to the ferment of the new neoclassical style and took part, with Marie-Joseph Peyre, in the archaeological excavations of the Baths of Diocletian; their speculative reconstructions of the complex attracted the attention of Piranesi.

On his return to Paris, Moreau-Desproux’s first commission^[2] was the fully neoclassical Hôtel de Chavannes near the Porte du Temple, at that time on the outskirts of the city; the house was completed by May 1758 and was demolished in 1846 (Eriksen); it earned a critical analysis from the Abbé Laugier, theoretician of neoclassicism, in his Observations sur l'architecture 1765. A colossal order of Ionic pilasters distinguished its façade, where the two floors were articulated by a plain banding of Greek key fret.^[3]

Officially Moreau-Desproux was appointed architect-in-charge (maître des bâtiments) to the city of Paris in 1763 and held the appointment until 1783. His great-uncle Jean-Bapriste-Augustin Beausire had formerly held the position. His position enabled him to influence the appointment of Jean Chalgrin to a place in the city's office of works. Probably in 1763-64 Moreau-Desproux designed and built the severely neoclassical plinth-like free-standing Fontaine des Haudriettes at the juncture of the rue des Archives and the rue des Vieilles-Haudriettes, Paris IIIe. His official position required that he design and see constructed numerous temporary decorations erected for festive occasions: his designs for the Masked Ball given for the King and Queen, 23 January 1782, on the occasion of the birth of Monseigneur the Dauphin^[4] was engraved by Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune.

Among his private commissions was the distinctly Neo-Palladian pavilion erected for M. Nicholas Carré de Beaudouin on the heights of Ménilmontant (now in the rue de Menilmontant) in 1770.^[5] He also designed and built the Hôtel Gontaut in rue Louis-le-Grand, 1772 and was commissioned to remodel the Hôtel de Luynes (c. 1770-75, demolished in 1901 with the piercing of the Boulevard Raspail and the rue de Luynes)^[6] Behind Gabriel's facades on Place Louis XV, west of rue Royale, he constructed in 1772 two residences, one for himself, the other for his friend Rouillé de l'Estang.

From 1764 to 1770, after a fire, he rebuilt the theatre in the largely rebuilt Palais Royal, on an oval plan^[7] that introduced structural iron, and he provided a new façade to the cour d'honneur, the "Cour de l'Horloge", work that was paid for by the city of Paris; it may be seen today, behind the Roman screen by Pierre Contant d'Ivry, who was at work on the project at the same time; Moreau-Desproux's theatre was remodelled in 1781.

One of his sisters married the architect Marie-Joseph Peyre. Moreau-Desproux met his end under the guillotine during the Terror.

[edit] Notes

^ Three times he was awarded the second prize, in 1750, 1751 and 1752 (Eriksen 1974 p. 207).
^ According to Dezallier d'Argenville, Voyage pittoresque de Paris, 1770 edition (noted by Eriksen).
^ A drawing in the Musée Carnavalet is illustrated, Eriksen, pl. 31.
^ Le Bal Masqué : Fêtes données au Roi et à la Reine par la Ville de Paris le 23 janvier 1782 à l’occasion de la naissance de Monseigneur le Dauphin
^ Eriksen, pl. 78. Michel Gallet (Bulletin du Musée Carnavalet, November 1961) remarks on its similarity with Andrea Palladio's lost Villa Ragona at Ghizzoda, but many eighteenth-century English villas of five bays with a pedimented, three-bay central recess could be adduced. The comparison with Claude Nicolas Ledoux's utterly French pavilion at Louveciennes for Mme du Dubarry (Eriksen pl. 79) is instructive.
^ Boiseries and a chimneypiece were salvaged and refitted first in the Hôtel Lebaudy, 57 rue François Ier, then refitted in the Musée du Louvre (French Wikipedia:"Rue Saint-Dominique"). The trompe-l'oeil paintings from the stair hall by Paolo Antonio Brunetti, installed at the Musée Carnavalet, belong to the former building phase.
^ The plan was illustrated in Diderot's [[Encyclopédie.