Pierleoni family
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The family of the Pierleoni, meaning "sons of Peter Leo", was a great Roman patrician clan of the Middle Ages, headquartered in a tower house in the Jewish quarter, Trastevere. The heads of the family often bore the title consul Romanorum, or "Consul of the Romans," in the early days.
The family's rise was quick, for they were very rich before they were very powerful. The family descended from the eleventh-century Jewish convert Leo de Benedicto, whose baptismal name comes from the fact that he was baptised by Pope Leo IX himself[1]. While the Pierleoni during their greatness spuriously claimed to be descended from the ancient Roman noble family of the Anicii, their enemies in Rome made much of their Jewish extraction and levelled the usual charges of usury. Leo's son was the Peter Leo (Pierleone) of the name and it is his sons that garnered for the family such fame as protectors of the popes: Pope Urban II died in one of the Pierleoni's castelli, July 1099. The family's territory was expanded to include the Isola Tiberina and a further tower house near the Theater of Marcellus (JE). When Emperor Henry V came to Rome (1111 AD), Petrus Leonis headed the papal legation that effected a reconciliation between the pope and the emperor. Pierleone's attempt to install one of his sons as Prefect of Rome in 1116, though favoured by Pope Paschal II, was resisted by the opposite party with riot and bloodshed. Another son, Peter, became Antipope Anacletus II (1131), and another, Giordano Pierleoni, with the revival of the Commune of Rome, became the head of the Republic as Patricius in 1144. A Pierleoni sister is said to have been the wife of Roger I of Sicily (JE). The family generally supported the papacy and represented the Guelf faction of the city against the Ghibellines, the Frangipani.
Actually two branches are still in existence. The first is that of Matelica and Pesaro (Marche) and the second is that of Città di Castello (Umbria), both of them are still members of the Italian nobility.
[edit] Notes
- ^ The original convert, according to Jewish Encyclopedia, would have been his father, taking the name Benedictus Christianus ("Blessed Christian"), hence, in the usual way, his son Leo de Benedicto.
[edit] References
- Jewish Encyclopedia: "Pierleoni" . Bibliography.
- Rodolfo Lanciani, "New Tales of Ancient Rome".
- "Torre dei Pierleoni": Much restored and picturesquely rebuilt under Mussolini.
- Papal Genealogy: The Families And Descendants Of The Popes By George L. Williams
