Pierian Spring

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The Pierian Spring is mentioned in Alexander Pope's poem "Essay on Criticism" as the metaphorical source of knowledge about art and science: Pieria is a district of Macedonia believed to be the home of the Muses, the deities of the arts and sciences.

Lines 215 to 232 are quoted below:

"A little learning is a dang'rous thing;

Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring:

There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain,

And drinking largely sobers us again.

Fir'd at first sight with what the Muse imparts,

In fearless youth we tempt the heights of Arts,

While from the bounded level of our mind

Short views we take, nor see the lengths behind;

But more advanc'd, behold with strange surprise

New distant scenes of endless science rise!

So pleas'd at first the towering Alps we try,

Mount o'er the vales, and seem to tread the sky,

Th' eternal snows appear already past,

And the first clouds and mountains seem the last;

But, those attain'd, we tremble to survey

The growing labours of the lengthen'd way,

Th' increasing prospects tire our wand'ring eyes,

Hills peep o'er hills, and Alps on Alps arise!"

In Greek Mythology, it was believed that drinking from the Pierian Spring would bring you great knowledge and inspiration. Thus, Pope is explaining how if you only learn a little it can "intoxicate" you in such a way that makes you feel as though you know a great deal. However, when "drinking largely" it "sobers" you now that you are wise and have a greater understanding, and also "drinking" it "largely sobers" you so you may never acquire complete wisdom and understanding.

Pieria was a region of ancient Macedonia, home of Mount Olympus and the seat of worship of Orpheus and The Muses.

The phrase was first used in the Satyricon written by Petronius (Titus Petronius Arbiter)

"This is the right armour of genius-

"Drink deep or taste not the Pierian spring."

Only then pour out your heart."

The Opening stanza also appears in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, as Fire Captain Beatty chastizes Guy Montag, the protagonist, about reading books... forbidden in the society of the novel.

[edit] See also

• Castalian Spring