Picamilon

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Picamilon
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)butanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 34562-97-5
ATC code N02CX
PubChem 60608
Chemical data
Formula C10H12N2O3 
Mol. mass 208.214 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Synonyms nicotinoyl-GABA
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 50%–88%
Metabolism  ?
Half life 30 minutes
Excretion Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

?

Legal status

Unscheduled

Routes Oral

Picamilon (also known as nicotinoyl-GABA) is a compound formed by reacting niacin with GABA. It was developed in Japan as a prodrug of GABA[1] and further studied in Russia.[2]

[edit] Mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications

Picamilon is able to cross the blood-brain barrier[3] and then is hydrolyzed into GABA and niacin. The released GABA in theory would activate GABA receptors potentially producing an anxiolytic response.[4] The second released component, niacin acts as a strong vasodilator,[5] which might be useful for the treatment of migraine headaches.[6][7]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Matsuyama K, Yamashita C, Noda A, Goto S, Noda H, Ichimaru Y, Gomita Y (October 1984). "Evaluation of isonicotinoyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nicotinoyl-GABA as pro-drugs of GABA". Chem. Pharm. Bull. 32 (10): 4089–95. PMID 6529802. 
  2. ^ Mirzoian RS, Gan'shina TS (1989). "[The new cerebrovascular preparation pikamilon]" (in Russian). Farmakologiia i toksikologiia 52 (1): 23–6. PMID 2707413. 
  3. ^ Dorofeev BF, Kholodov LE (1991). "[Pikamilon pharmacokinetics in animals]" (in Russian). Farmakologiia i toksikologiia 54 (2): 66–9. PMID 1884802. 
  4. ^ Shephard RA (June 1987). "Behavioral effects of GABA agonists in relation to anxiety and benzodiazepine action". Life Sci. 40 (25): 2429–36. PMID 2884549. 
  5. ^ Gille A, Bodor ET, Ahmed K, Offermanns S (2008). "Nicotinic acid: pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 48: 79–106. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094746. PMID 17705685. 
  6. ^ Pukhal'skaia TG, Maĭsov NI, Mirzoian RS (1989). "[The effect of antimigraine preparations on serotonin transport in the brain synaptosomes of rats]" (in Russian). Farmakol Toksikol 52 (6): 39–43. PMID 2625145. 
  7. ^ Prousky J, Seely D (2005). "The treatment of migraines and tension-type headaches with intravenous and oral niacin (nicotinic acid): systematic review of the literature". Nutr J 4: 3. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-4-3. PMID 15673472. 

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