Piapot
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Piapot (c. 1816–1908) was a chief of First Nations people in southern Saskatchewan, Canada in the late 1800s. His name (in English pronounced /ˈpaɪəpɒt/) means "Hole-in-the-Sioux". He became a well-known leader, diplomat, warrior, horse thief, and spiritualist.
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[edit] Childhood
Piapot was born to a Cree mother and an Assiniboine father in 1816. Shortly after his birth his parents died of smallpox. He then lived with his grandmother. They were captured by a party of Sioux when he was a small boy. He and his grandmother lived among the Sioux until he was about 14 years old, at which time they were freed by a Plains Cree war party.
[edit] Cree chief
The knowledge he gained from the Sioux helped him to become a Cree war chief. His obvious ability led him to the position of chief in 1830, being at that time age 24. His role as a warrior came to an end in 1870. Piapot led his Cree warriors against the Blackfoot but were defeated near Fort Whoop-Up. This engagement was the last major inter-tribal battle on the western plains of Canada.
[edit] Negotiator
Despite his status as a warrior chief, Piapot believed in peaceful negotiation. He was well known as a diplomat and visionary. He was fluent in five Native languages. His negotiation skills helped him to successfully divert many violent encounters with neighbouring groups. He was also known as a wise and knowledgeable speaker who had a sense of humour, quick wit, and a keen mind. He ultimately became known as a moderate voice in negotiations with other chiefs and bands.
[edit] Treaties signed
In 1874 Piapot negotiated Treaty 4 for his people. In 1875 he finally signed Treaty 5, ceding lands in Manitoba. Having ceded the land in Manitoba he moved his band west to the Qu'Appelle Valley in what is now Saskatchewan.
[edit] Warrior
In 1883 Piapot led his band in an act of non-violent resistance against the railway and the Europeans coming into Cree lands. They pulled up the survey stakes and placed teepees in the path of the Canadian Pacific Railway track-laying crews. He negotiated travel concessions for his people to end the stand-off. The town of Piapot, Saskatchewan, is named in memory of that blockade.
[edit] North-West Rebellion
Piapot, as a signatory of Treaty 4 and Treaty 5, felt that these were solemn commitments. Although he was encouraged to join the North-West Rebellion of 1885 he refused to participate because of the treaty obligations and settlement.
[edit] Spiritual leader
As an aboriginal spiritualist he resisted the move by the government to restrain First Nations belief systems. His people continued to hold a sun dance, which the Canadian government had declared an unlawful act. Piapot was ousted as chief by Canadian government officials when he would not use his authority to stop these ceremonies. His people ignored the government edict and continued to abide by his authority. The Manitoba officials, in 1901, belatedly recognized his authority and gave official approval to his position as chief.
[edit] Legacy
Wayne Decoine, a student of Piapot's life, wrote of him, "Piapot never gave up. He was peaceful in his negotiations, but determined to have the best for his people. His actions showed courage and strength, and how a great leader should behave."[citation needed]
